Olukomaiya Oladapo, Fernando Chrishanthi, Mereddy Ram, Li Xiuhua, Sultanbawa Yasmina
Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Archerfield BC, QLD, 4108, Australia.
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, The University of Queensland, Archerfield BC, QLD, 4108, Australia.
Anim Nutr. 2019 Dec;5(4):319-330. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.05.005. Epub 2019 Jul 2.
Protein sources are the second most important component in poultry diets. Due to the fluctuation in price of soybean meal (SBM) and persistent increase in feed prices, nutritionists have been exploring alternative protein sources. Replacement of SBM with alternative protein sources in poultry diets could reduce human-livestock competition for soybean and support the production of more animal protein. However, the use of alternative protein sources is limited to low inclusion due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANF) such as glucosinolates (rapeseed meal), gossypol (cottonseed meal), non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in lupin flour, high fibre (palm kernel cake), total phenolic contents and phytic acid (canola meal) known to impair animal performance, nutrient digestibility and feed utilization. As a processing technique, solid-state fermentation (SSF) has been researched for a long time in the food industry. An important objective of SSF is the production of enzymes, organic acids and other metabolites of economic importance. In recent times, SSF has been employed to enhance nutrient bioavailability, inhibit gut pathogenic bacteria and reduce ANF in plant protein sources resulting in improved nutrient digestibility, thereby improving performance and gut health of broiler chickens. Unlike pigs, there is still a dearth of information on feeding solid-state fermented feed ingredients to broiler chickens. This review aims to describe the nutritional value of the solid-state fermented products of rapeseed meal, canola meal, cottonseed meal, palm kernel cake and lupin flour on performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens.
蛋白质来源是家禽日粮中第二重要的组成部分。由于豆粕价格波动以及饲料价格持续上涨，营养学家一直在探索替代蛋白质来源。在家禽日粮中用替代蛋白质来源取代豆粕可以减少人类与牲畜对大豆的竞争，并支持生产更多动物蛋白。然而，由于存在抗营养因子（ANF），如硫代葡萄糖苷（菜籽粕）、棉酚（棉籽粕）、羽扇豆粉中的非淀粉多糖（NSP）、高纤维（棕榈仁粕）、总酚含量和植酸（油菜籽粕），已知这些会损害动物性能、养分消化率和饲料利用率，因此替代蛋白质来源的使用仅限于低添加量。作为一种加工技术，固态发酵（SSF）在食品工业中已经研究了很长时间。固态发酵的一个重要目标是生产具有经济重要性的酶、有机酸和其他代谢产物。近年来，固态发酵已被用于提高养分生物利用率、抑制肠道病原菌和降低植物蛋白来源中的抗营养因子，从而提高养分消化率，进而改善肉鸡的性能和肠道健康。与猪不同，关于给肉鸡饲喂固态发酵饲料成分的信息仍然匮乏。本综述旨在描述菜籽粕、油菜籽粕、棉籽粕、棕榈仁粕和羽扇豆粉的固态发酵产品对肉鸡性能和肠道健康的营养价值。
