Forty-eight hours of normothermic kidney preservation applying urine recirculation.

Kidney transplantation is limited due to the organ scarcity and the large discrepancy between transplantable organs and patients on the waiting list. Ex-situ normothermic kidney preservation has been studied extensively as a tool to enlarge the donor pool and to enable viability assessment. Urine recirculation, for volume control, was applied to perfuse a discarded human kidney for 48 hours. Long-term kidney NMP was feasible under stable hemodynamic conditions with a physiological acid-base-balance and an intact histological morphology of the organ.