University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan.
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Braz J Biol. 2022 Jan 7;84:e255755. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.255755. eCollection 2022.
The present study involves the chemical and bacteriological analysis of water from different sources i.e., bore, wells, bottle, and tap, from Peshawar, Mardan, Swat and Kohat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. From each district, 50 water samples (10 samples from each source), regardless of urban and rural status, were collected from these sources and analysed for sulphates, nitrates, nitrites, chlorides, total soluble solids and coliforms (E. coli). Results indicated that majority of the water sources had unacceptable E. coli count i.e.> 34 CFU/100mL. E. coli positive samples were high in Mardan District, followed by Kohat, Swat and Peshawar district. Besides this, the some water sources were also chemically contaminated by different inorganic fertilizers (nitrates/nitrites of sodium, potassium) but under safe levels whereas agricultural and industrial wastes (chloride and sulphate compounds) were in unsafe range. Among all districts, the water quality was found comparatively more deteriorated in Kohat and Mardan districts than Peshawar and Swat districts. Such chemically and bacteriologically unfit water sources for drinking and can cause human health problems.
本研究涉及来自巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省白沙瓦、马尔丹、斯瓦特和科哈特地区不同水源（即井水、瓶装水和自来水）的化学和细菌分析。从每个地区，无论城乡，都从这些水源采集了 50 个水样（每个来源 10 个样本），并对硫酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氯化物、总可溶性固体和大肠菌群（大肠杆菌）进行了分析。结果表明，大多数水源的大肠杆菌数量都超过了 34 CFU/100mL，无法接受。大肠杆菌阳性样本在马尔丹地区最高，其次是科哈特、斯瓦特和白沙瓦地区。此外，一些水源还受到不同无机肥料（钠、钾的硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐）的化学污染，但处于安全水平，而农业和工业废物（氯和硫酸盐化合物）则处于不安全范围。在所有地区中，科哈特和马尔丹地区的水质比白沙瓦和斯瓦特地区的水质更差。这些在化学和细菌方面都不适合饮用的水源可能会导致人类健康问题。
