Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, Research Center in Human Nutrition, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
Curr Obes Rep. 2022 Mar;11(1):10-22. doi: 10.1007/s13679-021-00467-5. Epub 2022 Jan 12.
To present the definitions and recommendations for movement behaviors in children and adolescents, including physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors (SB), and sleep, and to provide an overview regarding their impact on health and obesity outcomes from childhood to adulthood, as well as interactions with appetite control.
PA represents a variable proportion of daily energy expenditure and one can be active with high SB or vice versa. Studies have described movements across the whole day on a continuum from sleep to SB to varying intensities of PA. More PA, less SB (e.g., less screen time) and longer sleep are positively associated with indicators of physical health (e.g., lower BMI, adiposity, cardiometabolic risk) and cognitive development (e.g., motor skills, academic achievement). However, less than 10% of children currently meet recommendations for all three movement behaviors. Movement behaviors, adiposity, and related cardiometabolic diseases in childhood track into adolescence and adulthood. Furthermore, low PA/high SB profiles are associated with increased energy intake. Recent studies investigating energy balance regulation showed that desirable movement behavior profiles are associated with better appetite control and improved eating habits. Early identification of behavioral phenotypes and a comprehensive approach addressing all key behaviors that directly affect energy balance will allow for individual strategies to prevent or treat obesity and its comorbidities. Investigating exercise as a potential "corrector" of impaired appetite control offers a promising weight management approach.
介绍儿童和青少年运动行为（包括体力活动、久坐行为和睡眠）的定义和推荐，概述其对儿童期至成年期健康和肥胖结局的影响，以及与食欲控制的相互作用。
体力活动代表了日常能量消耗的一个可变比例，人们可以在高久坐行为或反之亦然的情况下保持活跃。研究已经描述了一整天从睡眠到久坐行为再到不同强度体力活动的连续运动。更多的体力活动、更少的久坐行为（例如，减少屏幕时间）和更长的睡眠时间与身体健康指标（例如，较低的 BMI、肥胖、心血管代谢风险）和认知发展（例如，运动技能、学业成绩）呈正相关。然而，目前只有不到 10%的儿童符合所有三种运动行为的建议。运动行为、肥胖和相关的心血管代谢疾病在儿童时期会持续到青少年和成年期。此外，低体力活动/高久坐行为的特征与能量摄入增加有关。最近研究表明，能量平衡调节与良好的食欲控制和改善的饮食习惯有关。早期识别行为表型和综合考虑直接影响能量平衡的所有关键行为的方法，将允许制定针对个体的策略来预防或治疗肥胖及其合并症。研究运动作为改善受损食欲控制的潜在“矫正器”，为体重管理提供了一种很有前途的方法。
