Robinson Ian A, Schlamminger Stephan
National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8171, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
Metrologia. 2016;53(5). doi: 10.1088/0026-1394/53/5/a46.
The redefinition of the SI unit of mass in terms of a fixed value of the Planck constant has been made possible by the Kibble balance, previously known as the watt balance. Once the new definition has been adopted, the Kibble balance technique will permit the realisation of the mass unit over a range from milligrams to kilograms. We describe the theory underlying the Kibble balance and practical techniques required to construct such an instrument to relate a macroscopic physical mass to the Planck constant with an uncertainty, which is achievable at present, in the region of 2 parts in 10. A number of Kibble balances have either been built or are under construction and we compare the principal features of these balances.
通过基布尔天平（以前称为瓦特天平），实现了根据普朗克常数的固定值对国际单位制质量单位进行重新定义。一旦采用新定义，基布尔天平技术将允许在从毫克到千克的范围内实现质量单位。我们描述了基布尔天平的基本理论以及构建这样一种仪器所需的实用技术，该仪器能将宏观物理质量与普朗克常数联系起来，目前可实现的不确定度在十万分之二的范围内。许多基布尔天平已经制造出来或正在建造中，我们比较了这些天平的主要特点。
