Villanueva-Saz Sergio, Giner Jacobo, Marteles Diana, Verde Maite, Yzuel Andrés, Riera Cristina, Fisa Roser, Alcover Magdalena, Fernández Antonio
Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Spain.
Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Spain.
Vet Anim Sci. 2021 Dec 27;15:100229. doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100229. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Leishmaniosis in domestic ferrets () is a disease caused by , a parasite transmitted through the bite of an infected female phlebotomine sand fly. Among vertebrates, the dog is the primary domestic reservoir of the parasite; however, other domestic animals can be implicated such as cats. The first description of a clinical case of leishmaniosis in domestic ferrets was reported recently. As a result, new knowledge has been published including empirically based treatment protocols, confirmatory techniques to detect the presence of the parasite infection and seasonal variation in the antibodies against in apparently healthy domestic ferrets. The most common clinical signs observed are enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes and skin lesions such as papular and/or ulcerative dermatitis. Additionally, the most frequent laboratory alterations seen are hyperproteinaemia with hyperglobulinaemia and biochemical analytes alterations depending on the affected tissue. Two different therapeutic protocols have been described to treat domestic ferrets with leishmaniosis: meglumine antimoniate plus allopurinol protocol or miltefosine plus allopurinol protocol. These treatment protocols seemed to be able to control the infection, although the presence of xanthinuria could be detected. The susceptibility of domestic ferrets to , the clinical picture, treatment of infected animals and prevention are poorly understood, due to the scarcity of recent description in the literature. Different proposed diagnostic algorithms have been included for domestic ferrets with suspected leishmaniosis, clinically healthy domestic ferrets and animals as blood donors. In this sense, the present review provides updated data on scientific knowledge of leishmaniosis in ferrets.
家养雪貂的利什曼病是由一种寄生虫引起的疾病，该寄生虫通过受感染的雌性白蛉叮咬传播。在脊椎动物中，狗是该寄生虫的主要家养宿主；然而，其他家畜如猫也可能感染。最近报道了家养雪貂利什曼病临床病例的首次描述。因此，已发表了新的知识，包括基于经验的治疗方案、检测寄生虫感染存在的确诊技术以及明显健康的家养雪貂中针对该寄生虫抗体的季节性变化。观察到的最常见临床症状是外周淋巴结肿大和皮肤病变，如丘疹性和/或溃疡性皮炎。此外，最常见的实验室改变是高蛋白血症伴高球蛋白血症以及取决于受影响组织的生化分析物改变。已描述了两种不同的治疗方案来治疗患有利什曼病的家养雪貂：葡甲胺锑酸盐加别嘌呤醇方案或米替福新加别嘌呤醇方案。这些治疗方案似乎能够控制该寄生虫感染，尽管可能检测到黄嘌呤尿的存在。由于文献中近期描述较少，家养雪貂对该寄生虫的易感性、临床症状、感染动物的治疗和预防情况了解甚少。对于疑似利什曼病的家养雪貂、临床健康的家养雪貂和作为献血者的动物，已纳入了不同的拟诊算法。从这个意义上讲，本综述提供了关于雪貂利什曼病科学知识的最新数据。
