Pereira André, Maia Carla
Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHMT), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal.
Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis. 2021 Jun 2;1:100035. doi: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100035. eCollection 2021.
Leishmaniosis is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoans of the genus , which are transmitted to vertebrates, including cats, through the bites of female phlebotomine sand flies. An increasing number of epidemiological and experimental studies concerning infection in cats, as well as case reports of clinical leishmaniosis in these felids, have been published in recent years. In the present study, a comprehensive review was made by sourcing the National Library of Medicine resources to provide updated data on epidemiology, immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of feline leishmaniosis. Cats were found infected with parasites worldwide, and feline leishmaniosis appears as an emergent disease mostly reported in countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea and in Brazil. Cats with impaired immunocompetence seem to have a higher risk to develop clinical disease. The main clinical and clinicopathological findings are dermatological lesions and hypergammaglobulinemia, respectively. Diagnosis of feline leishmaniosis remains a challenge for veterinarians, in part due to the lack of diagnosis support systems. For this reason, a diagnostic algorithm for clinical decision support is herein proposed. No evidence-based treatment protocols are currently available, and these remain empirically based. Control measures are limited and scarce. Thus, a set of prevention guidelines are herein suggested.
利什曼病是一种由利什曼原虫属原生动物引起的媒介传播疾病，通过雌性白蛉叮咬传播给包括猫在内的脊椎动物。近年来，关于猫感染利什曼原虫的流行病学和实验研究不断增加，同时也有这些猫科动物临床利什曼病的病例报告发表。在本研究中，通过检索美国国立医学图书馆的资源进行了全面综述，以提供有关猫利什曼病的流行病学、免疫发病机制、诊断、治疗和预防的最新数据。已发现全球范围内的猫感染了利什曼原虫，猫利什曼病似乎是一种新出现的疾病，主要在地中海周边国家和巴西有报道。免疫能力受损的猫似乎患临床疾病的风险更高。主要的临床和临床病理表现分别是皮肤病变和高球蛋白血症。猫利什曼病的诊断对兽医来说仍然是一项挑战，部分原因是缺乏诊断支持系统。因此，本文提出了一种用于临床决策支持的诊断算法。目前尚无基于证据的治疗方案，这些方案仍然基于经验。控制措施有限且稀缺。因此，本文提出了一套预防指南。
