Extracellular Vesicles in Oral and Craniofacial Diseases: from Basic Knowledge to Clinical Perspectives.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), produced by exocytosis or membrane budding of cells, are membranous vesicles that carry specific proteins, nucleic acids and other bioactive molecules. EVs are indispensable carriers of biological information and play a critical role in cell-to-cell communication. Due to their involvement in physiological and pathological processes, EVs have shown great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases in recent years. The present review focuses on the regulatory role of EVs in oral and craniofacial diseases to provide valuable insights into possible applications in translational medicine.