Persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) of the newborn is a lung parenchymal disorder that causes a wide range of hemodynamic changes in the newborn's systemic circulation. Arising from a multifactorial web of etiology, PPHN is one of the most common reasons for neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Historically, multiple treatment modalities have been explored, ranging from oxygen and surfactant therapy to newer upcoming medications like magnesium sulfate and adenosine. This review article has discussed the pathogenesis of PPHN and its relationship with the clinical implications of PPHN, such as heart failure and so on. This article has also explored the diagnostic guidelines and analyzed the existing and the upcoming modalities for treating PPHN.