Rhodes T T, Edwards W H, Saunders R L, Harbaugh R E, Little C L, Morgan L J, Sargent S K
Department of Maternal, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, N.H.
Pediatr Neurosci. 1987;13(5):255-62. doi: 10.1159/000120339.
Thirty-seven infants were treated for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) with external ventricular drainage (EVD) in 1977-1985. The mean age at EVD placement was 13 days; the mean duration of drainage was 21 days, and an average of 1.8 drains was used per patient. Complications were apnea (10%), hemorrhage (8%) and ventriculitis (6%). Ten infants died from pulmonary disease unrelated to the surgery. Thirty-two percent of the survivors did not require a permanent shunt. Neurodevelopmental outcome was evaluated at a mean age of 38 months. Eighteen of the twenty-seven survivors (67%) had normal cognitive function, 3 had borderline and 6 (22%) had moderate to profound mental retardation. Nine of the children (33%) had a normal neuromuscular exam. One child had mild, 11 had moderate and 6 had severe cerebral palsy. Four children had serious visual impairment. The worst outcomes were in the children with parenchymal or large intraventricular hemorrhages.
1977年至1985年期间，37名婴儿因出血后脑积水（PHH）接受了外部脑室引流（EVD）治疗。放置EVD时的平均年龄为13天；平均引流持续时间为21天，每位患者平均使用1.8根引流管。并发症包括呼吸暂停（10%）、出血（8%）和脑室炎（6%）。10名婴儿死于与手术无关的肺部疾病。32%的幸存者不需要永久性分流。在平均年龄38个月时评估神经发育结果。27名幸存者中有18名（67%）认知功能正常，3名处于临界状态，6名（22%）有中度至重度智力发育迟缓。9名儿童（33%）神经肌肉检查正常。1名儿童有轻度脑瘫，11名有中度脑瘫，6名有重度脑瘫。4名儿童有严重视力障碍。结局最差的是患有实质内或脑室内大出血的儿童。
