Shi Yan-Biao, Gao Si-Jia, Wang Hui
Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2022 Jan;53(1):28-34. doi: 10.12182/20220160503.
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites play vital roles in the regulation of host-gut microbiota mutualism, gut homeostasis and the pathogenesis of multiple human diseases. Fermentation of indigestible dietary fibers by gut microbiota produces a variety of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) consisting mainly of acetate, propionate and butyrate. Despite high concentrations of SCFAs in the gut, it has been reported in a large number of studies that SCFAs are involved in the onset and development of multiple diseases, including colitis, diabetes mellitus, hepatic steatosis, and obesity. Recent studies including our work found that SCFAs regulates allergic immune reactions and the pathogenesis of allergic diseases via their action on allergic effector immune cells, including T helper 2 (Th2) cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), eosinophils, mast cells and basophils. Herein, we reviewed the association of SCFAs with human allergic diseases, their role in regulating the animal model of allergic diseases and the effects of different SCFAs in regulating the functions of allergic effectors cells and the underlying mechanisms, aiming to provide research clues for in-depth investigation in the role played by SCFAs in regulating various allergic diseases.
肠道微生物群衍生的代谢产物在宿主-肠道微生物群共生关系的调节、肠道稳态以及多种人类疾病的发病机制中发挥着至关重要的作用。肠道微生物群对不可消化膳食纤维的发酵产生了多种短链脂肪酸（SCFA），主要包括乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐。尽管肠道中SCFA浓度很高，但大量研究报告称，SCFA参与了多种疾病的发生和发展，包括结肠炎、糖尿病、肝脂肪变性和肥胖症。包括我们的研究在内的近期研究发现，SCFA通过作用于过敏性效应免疫细胞，包括辅助性T细胞2（Th2）、2型固有淋巴细胞（ILC2）、嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞，调节过敏免疫反应和过敏性疾病的发病机制。在此，我们综述了SCFA与人类过敏性疾病的关联、它们在调节过敏性疾病动物模型中的作用以及不同SCFA在调节过敏性效应细胞功能方面的作用及其潜在机制，旨在为深入研究SCFA在调节各种过敏性疾病中的作用提供研究线索。
