Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 20;23(3):1105. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031105.
Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting of trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with the host, and related metabolites have profound effects on human health. In this respect, gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions. Bacterial metabolites include the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4), which are the most abundant SCFAs in the human body and the most abundant anions in the colon. SCFAs are made from fermentation of dietary fiber and resistant starch in the gut. They modulate several metabolic pathways and are involved in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Thus, diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity, SCFAs production, and metabolic effects. In this narrative review, we discuss the relevant research focusing on the relationship between gut microbiota, SCFAs, and glucose metabolism.
肠道微生物群包含大量的共生微生物，包括数万亿的细菌、真菌和病毒。这些微生物与宿主共生共存，相关代谢产物对人类健康有深远影响。在这方面，肠道微生物群在调节代谢、内分泌和免疫功能方面起着关键作用。细菌代谢物包括短链脂肪酸（SCFAs），即乙酸（C2）、丙酸（C3）和丁酸（C4），它们是人体内最丰富的 SCFAs，也是结肠中最丰富的阴离子。SCFAs 是肠道中膳食纤维和抗性淀粉发酵产生的。它们调节多种代谢途径，与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和 2 型糖尿病有关。因此，饮食可能会影响肠道微生物群的组成和活性、SCFAs 的产生和代谢作用。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们讨论了相关研究，重点关注肠道微生物群、SCFAs 和葡萄糖代谢之间的关系。
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