Sétamou Mamoudou, Tarshis Moreno Aleena, Patt Joseph M
Citrus Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Weslaco, TX 78599, USA.
USDA-ARS, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2022 Apr 13;115(2):438-445. doi: 10.1093/jee/toab249.
Citriculture landscapes in the U.S. are typically habitat mosaics of commercial groves interspersed with residential areas supporting a variety of unmanaged citrus. Diaphorina citri the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the causal agent of Huanglongbing feeds on citrus in both habitats. We postulated that residential citrus function as a 'source' of D. citri that infest groves, functioning as sinks. Here we report on an experimental mark-release-recapture study conducted at the interface of a residential neighborhood and groves. Adult D. citri marked with colored fluorescent powders were released in both habitats (n = 15,300) and their movement within and between milieus monitored. Although the recapture rate of marked psyllids was very low (0.23%), the results were instructive. Most of the recaptured psyllids in residential trees (84.6%) were released within that habitat. In contrast, approximately half of the marked psyllids recovered in groves were released in residential areas. Of all the recaptured psyllids, about 40% changed habitats, but the change was skewed toward movement from residential to grove habitat. These data strongly suggest that there is a constant exchange of D. citri adults between the two habitats, with residential citrus trees functioning as a source habitat of psyllids. The further the residential trees are located from groves, the less likely they will serve as sources of D. citri. Hence, to reduce the risks of citrus grove colonization by D. citri, new groves should be established away from residential habitats where possible, and psyllid management practices must also be implemented in residential habitats.
美国的柑橘种植景观通常是商业果园与居民区相间的栖息地镶嵌体，居民区中有各种非人工管理的柑橘树。柑橘木虱是亚洲韧皮杆菌的传播媒介，亚洲韧皮杆菌是黄龙病的病原体，柑橘木虱在这两种栖息地的柑橘树上取食。我们推测居民区的柑橘树是柑橘木虱的“源”，会侵染果园，而果园则是“汇”。在此，我们报告一项在居民区与果园交界处进行的实验性标记释放再捕获研究。用彩色荧光粉标记的成年柑橘木虱在两种栖息地中均有释放（n = 15300），并监测它们在不同环境内部以及之间的移动情况。尽管标记木虱的再捕获率非常低（0.23%），但结果仍具启发性。居民区树木中重新捕获的木虱大多（84.6%）是在该栖息地内释放的。相比之下，在果园中重新捕获的标记木虱约有一半是在居民区释放的。在所有重新捕获的木虱中，约40%改变了栖息地，但这种变化偏向于从居民区向果园栖息地的移动。这些数据有力地表明，两种栖息地之间存在柑橘木虱成虫的持续交换，居民区的柑橘树是木虱的源栖息地。居民区树木离果园越远，它们作为柑橘木虱源的可能性就越小。因此，为降低柑橘木虱侵染柑橘园的风险，新果园应尽可能远离居民区建立，同时居民区也必须实施木虱管理措施。
