National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 9;23(2):702. doi: 10.3390/ijms23020702.
Priming is an adaptive strategy that improves plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses. Stimuli from chemicals, abiotic cues, and pathogens can trigger the establishment of priming state. Priming with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a potential plant growth regulator, can enhance plant tolerance to the subsequent abiotic stresses, including salinity, drought, heat, cold, and UV-B. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the remarkable effects of ALA priming on plant physiology remain to be elucidated. Here, we summarize recent progress made in the stress tolerance conferred by ALA priming in plants and provide the underlying molecular and physiology mechanisms of this phenomenon. Priming with ALA results in changes at the physiological, transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic levels, and enhances photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity, as well as nitrogen assimilation, which in turn increases the resistance of abiotic stresses. However, the signaling pathway of ALA, including receptors as well as key components, is currently unknown, which hinders the deeper understanding of the defense priming caused by ALA. In the future, there is an urgent need to reveal the molecular mechanisms by which ALA regulates plant development and enhances plant defense with the help of forward genetics, multi-omics technologies, as well as genome editing technology.
引发是一种自适应策略，可提高植物对生物和非生物胁迫的防御能力。化学物质、非生物线索和病原体的刺激可以触发引发状态的建立。用 5-氨基乙酰丙酸 (ALA) 引发，一种潜在的植物生长调节剂，可以增强植物对随后的非生物胁迫的耐受性，包括盐度、干旱、热、冷和 UV-B。然而，ALA 引发对植物生理学产生显著影响的分子机制仍有待阐明。在这里，我们总结了最近在 ALA 引发的植物胁迫耐受性方面取得的进展，并提供了这种现象的潜在分子和生理学机制。ALA 引发导致在生理、转录、代谢和表观遗传水平上发生变化，增强光合作用和抗氧化能力，以及氮同化，从而提高对非生物胁迫的抗性。然而，ALA 的信号通路，包括受体以及关键组成部分，目前尚不清楚，这阻碍了对 ALA 引起的防御引发的更深入理解。未来，需要借助正向遗传学、多组学技术以及基因组编辑技术，揭示 ALA 调节植物发育和增强植物防御的分子机制。
