Khan Umair, Zaib Aurang, Waini Iskandar, Ishak Anuar, Sherif El-Sayed M, Xia Wei-Feng, Muhammad Noor
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Mathematics and Social Sciences, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Jan 15;12(2):276. doi: 10.3390/nano12020276.
Colloidal suspensions of regular fluids and nanoparticles are known as nanofluids. They have a variety of applications in the medical field, including cell separation, drug targeting, destruction of tumor tissue, and so on. On the other hand, the dispersion of multiple nanoparticles into a regular fluid is referred to as a hybrid nanofluid. It has a variety of innovative applications such as microfluidics, heat dissipation, dynamic sealing, damping, and so on. Because of these numerous applications of nanofluids in minds, therefore, the objective of the current exploration divulged the axisymmetric radiative flow and heat transfer induced by hybrid nanofluid impinging on a porous stretchable/shrinkable rotating disc. In addition, the impact of Smoluchowski temperature and Maxwell velocity slip boundary conditions are also invoked. The hybrid nanofluid was formed by mixing the copper (Cu) and alumina (AlO) nanoparticles scattered in the regular (viscous) base fluid (HO). Similarity variables are used to procure the similarity equations, and the numerical outcomes are achieved using bvp4c in MATLAB software. According to the findings, double solutions are feasible for stretching (λ>0) and shrinking cases (λ<0). The heat transfer rate is accelerated as the hybrid nanoparticles increases. The suction parameter enhances the friction factors as well as heat transfer rate. Moreover, the friction factor in the radial direction and heat transfer enrich for the first solution and moderate for the second outcome due to the augmentation δ1, while the trend of the friction factor in the radial direction is changed only in the case of stretching for both branches.
普通流体和纳米颗粒的胶体悬浮液被称为纳米流体。它们在医学领域有多种应用，包括细胞分离、药物靶向、肿瘤组织破坏等。另一方面，将多种纳米颗粒分散到普通流体中被称为混合纳米流体。它有多种创新应用，如微流体、散热、动态密封、阻尼等。因此，鉴于纳米流体的这些众多应用，当前探索的目的是揭示混合纳米流体冲击多孔可拉伸/可收缩旋转盘时引起的轴对称辐射流动和传热。此外，还考虑了斯莫卢霍夫斯基温度和麦克斯韦速度滑移边界条件的影响。混合纳米流体是通过将分散在普通（粘性）基液（H₂O）中的铜（Cu）和氧化铝（Al₂O₃）纳米颗粒混合而成。使用相似变量来获得相似方程，并在MATLAB软件中使用bvp4c获得数值结果。根据研究结果，对于拉伸（λ>0）和收缩情况（λ<0），双解是可行的。随着混合纳米颗粒的增加，传热速率加快。抽吸参数提高了摩擦系数以及传热速率。此外，由于δ₁的增加，径向摩擦系数和传热在第一种解中增大，在第二种结果中适中，而径向摩擦系数的趋势仅在两个分支的拉伸情况下发生变化。
