Korotkikh I N, Baleev D N, Morozov A I, Mizina P G, Sidelnikov N I
All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Moscow, Russia.
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii. 2021 Jul;25(4):433-441. doi: 10.18699/VJ21.048.
This review discusses the main methods of breeding material development, the current state, problems and prospects for medicinal and essential oil plants breeding. The relevance of this area has especially increased due to the sanctions, the resulting shortage of medicinal plants and their low quality, which does not meet the requirements of the pharmaceutical industry. To produce a stable plant raw material base, it is necessary to actively develop a breeding process to create new highly productive varieties of medicinal plants resistant to biotic and abiotic environments. In breeding with the use of modern molecular biological methods, related species and generic complexes of the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR) collection can be involved, where there is extensive original genetic material of medicinal, essential oil, rare and endangered species. In the breeding of medicinal and essential oil crops, traditional methods of individual and individual-family selection, polyploidy, chemical mutagenesis and a combination of methods to obtain original breeding material are still promising. VILAR has created more than 90 varieties of medicinal and essential oil crops, most of which have been approved for use throughout the Russian Federation.
本综述讨论了药用和精油植物育种材料开发的主要方法、现状、问题及前景。由于制裁导致药用植物短缺且质量低下，不符合制药行业要求，这一领域的相关性尤其增加。为建立稳定的植物原料基地，有必要积极开展育种工作，培育出对生物和非生物环境具有抗性的高产药用植物新品种。在利用现代分子生物学方法进行育种时，可以利用全俄药用和香料植物研究所（VILAR）种质库中的近缘物种和属复合体，那里有丰富的药用、精油、珍稀濒危物种的原始遗传材料。在药用和精油作物育种中，个体和个体家系选择、多倍体、化学诱变等传统方法以及多种方法相结合以获得原始育种材料仍然很有前景。VILAR已培育出90多个药用和精油作物品种，其中大部分已获全俄罗斯联邦批准使用。
