LeRoy A J, Williams H J, Segura J W, Patterson D E, Benson R C
Radiology. 1986 Jan;158(1):219-22. doi: 10.1148/radiology.158.1.3510020.
Complications of indwelling ureteral stents were managed percutaneously in 13 patients. These complications consisted of three fractured, three heavily encrusted, and seven migrated stents. While most ureteral stent malfunctions are routinely managed with retrograde techniques, the percutaneous approach allows effective clinical management in selected cases in which extensive renal stone material or brittle intrarenal stent fragments are present or when previous surgery or ureteral strictures do not permit a retrograde approach. Fluoroscopically guided removal of migrated stents and percutaneous endoscopic techniques, for complex cases such as those requiring stone removal, were successful and without complications.
13例留置输尿管支架管并发症患者接受了经皮治疗。这些并发症包括3例支架管断裂、3例严重结壳和7例支架管移位。虽然大多数输尿管支架管故障通常采用逆行技术处理，但经皮方法可在某些特定情况下进行有效的临床处理，如存在大量肾结石物质或易碎的肾内支架管碎片，或既往手术或输尿管狭窄不允许采用逆行方法时。在透视引导下取出移位的支架管以及采用经皮内镜技术处理复杂病例（如需要取石的病例）均取得成功且无并发症。
