Jeresaty R M
J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986 Jan;7(1):231-6. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80286-8.
Mitral valve prolapse is probably the most common cardiac valve disorder, affecting approximately 5% of the population. Although it is genetically determined, its clinical manifestations do not usually become evident before adulthood. In the setting of a cardiology referral center, a mitral valve prolapse syndrome, consisting of nonspecific symptoms, repolarization changes on the electrocardiogram and arrhythmias, has been identified. However, doubt has recently been expressed about the existence of such a syndrome. The prognosis of mitral valve prolapse is generally favorable but infrequent complications do occur and include transient ischemic attacks, progression of mitral regurgitation with or without ruptured chordae tendineae, infective endocarditis and sudden death. The symptoms and the complications are not usually related to physical activity. A permissive attitude toward participation of patients with mitral valve prolapse in competitive athletics is probably warranted; however, it would appear reasonable to disqualify athletes with mitral valve prolapse in the following circumstances: history of syncope; disabling chest pain; complex ventricular arrhythmias, particularly if induced or worsened by exercise; significant mitral regurgitation; prolonged QT interval; Marfan's syndrome; and family history of sudden death.
二尖瓣脱垂可能是最常见的心脏瓣膜疾病，影响着约5%的人口。尽管它由基因决定，但其临床表现通常在成年前并不明显。在心脏病转诊中心的环境中，已识别出一种二尖瓣脱垂综合征，其包括非特异性症状、心电图复极改变和心律失常。然而，最近有人对这种综合征的存在表示怀疑。二尖瓣脱垂的预后总体良好，但确实会发生一些罕见并发症，包括短暂性脑缺血发作、伴或不伴腱索断裂的二尖瓣反流进展、感染性心内膜炎和猝死。症状和并发症通常与体力活动无关。对于二尖瓣脱垂患者参与竞技体育活动持宽容态度可能是合理的；然而，在以下情况下取消二尖瓣脱垂运动员的资格似乎是合理的：有晕厥史；有导致残疾的胸痛；复杂的室性心律失常，特别是如果由运动诱发或加重；严重的二尖瓣反流；QT间期延长；马凡综合征；以及有猝死家族史。
