Castelletti Silvia, Gati Sabiha
Cardiomyopathy Unit and Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Science, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS Milan, Italy.
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London UK.
Eur Cardiol. 2021 Dec 2;16:e47. doi: 10.15420/ecr.2021.29. eCollection 2021 Feb.
The number of female athletes taking part in elite and amateur sport is ever increasing. In contrast with male athletes, few studies have focused on cardiovascular adaptations to exercise in women, the effects of lifelong exercise on heart muscle and electrical tissue, the risk of exerciserelated sudden cardiac death and the management of cardiovascular disease. Women have a lower prevalence of large QRS complexes, repolarisation changes including inferior and lateral T-wave inversion, and cardiac dimensions exceeding predicted limits compared with men. The risk of exercise-related sudden cardiac death is significantly lower in women than men. Also, women who have engaged in lifelong exercise do not have a higher prevalence of AF, coronary artery calcification or myocardial fibrosis than their sedentary counterparts. Apart from providing an overview of the existing literature relating to cardiac adaptations, this review explores possible reasons for the sex differences and focuses on the management of cardiovascular disorders that affect female athletes.
参加精英和业余体育运动的女性运动员数量在不断增加。与男性运动员相比，很少有研究关注女性运动时的心血管适应性、终身运动对心肌和电组织的影响、运动相关心源性猝死的风险以及心血管疾病的管理。与男性相比，女性出现大QRS波群、复极改变（包括下壁和侧壁T波倒置）以及心脏大小超过预测范围的患病率较低。女性运动相关心源性猝死的风险明显低于男性。此外，与久坐不动的女性相比，长期运动的女性发生房颤、冠状动脉钙化或心肌纤维化的患病率并不更高。除了概述与心脏适应性相关的现有文献外，本综述还探讨了性别差异的可能原因，并重点关注影响女性运动员的心血管疾病的管理。
