Luo Zhengzhong, Yong Kang, Huang Yixin, Zhang Chuanshi, Shen Liuhong, Jiang Hua, Yang Xiao, Zhang Yong, Cao Suizhong
College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing, China.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2022 May;106(3):682-689. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13688. Epub 2022 Feb 1.
In this study, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of prepartum replacement of corn silage and distillers' grain diets with hay on the postpartum health and production performance in dairy heifers. Pregnant Holstein dairy heifers were randomly assigned to two groups and fed different diets with the same net energy and protein concentrations. The low corn silage plus hay (CH) group diet mainly contained oat hay (28.5%), corn silage (25%) and folium ginkgo (23%). The high corn silage plus distillers' grains (CD) group diet contained corn silage (53.5%), distillers' grains (5%) and folium ginkgo (18%). Dairy heifers were fed from the beginning of pregnancy to the end of the transition period. Calf birthweight, postpartum morbidity, milk production and reproductive performance were determined. Compared with the cows in the CH group, those in the CD group presented increased calf birthweight and a high risk of some postpartum disorders (p < 0.05), particularly ketosis (37.63% vs. 24.54%) and retained placenta (9.41% vs. 3.92%). However, there was no difference between the groups in reproductive performance, including first timed artificial insemination (TAI) rate, date of TAI and conception rate of TAI. The lactation curves showed no difference in milk yield during the peak lactation period of primiparous cows between the CH and CD groups; the total milk production was 33.39 kg and 33.19 kg respectively. Notably, the time to peak milk production was delayed in the CD group. It can be concluded that replacing corn silage and distillers' grains with hay can reduce postpartum morbidity in dairy heifers and shorten the time to peak milk production.
在本研究中，我们旨在全面评估产前用干草替代玉米青贮饲料和酒糟日粮对奶牛小母牛产后健康和生产性能的影响。将怀孕的荷斯坦奶牛小母牛随机分为两组，饲喂具有相同净能量和蛋白质浓度的不同日粮。低玉米青贮加干草（CH）组日粮主要包含燕麦干草（28.5%）、玉米青贮（25%）和银杏叶（23%）。高玉米青贮加酒糟（CD）组日粮包含玉米青贮（53.5%）、酒糟（5%）和银杏叶（18%）。从怀孕开始至过渡期结束对奶牛小母牛进行饲喂。测定犊牛出生体重、产后发病率、产奶量和繁殖性能。与CH组的奶牛相比，CD组的奶牛犊牛出生体重增加，且出现一些产后疾病的风险较高（p < 0.05），尤其是酮病（37.63%对24.54%）和胎盘滞留（9.41%对3.92%）。然而，两组在繁殖性能方面没有差异，包括首次定时人工授精（TAI）率、TAI日期和TAI受胎率。泌乳曲线显示，CH组和CD组初产奶牛在泌乳高峰期的产奶量没有差异；总产奶量分别为33.39千克和33.19千克。值得注意的是，CD组达到产奶高峰的时间延迟。可以得出结论，用干草替代玉米青贮饲料和酒糟可以降低奶牛小母牛的产后发病率，并缩短达到产奶高峰的时间。
