Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2022;23(2):70-76. doi: 10.2174/1389203723666220201160820.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has swept the whole world and brought about public health crisis of unprecedented proportions. In the process of SARS-CoV-2 entry, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 plays a key role. In addition, other protein molecules, such as transmembrane protease/serine 2, FURIN, Cathepsin L, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 will also affect the interaction between virus and host cells. Since the variations in the virus and human populations could determine the transmissibility of the virus and influence an individual's susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome, research on the variations of the above protein molecules and their role in COVID-19 is in full swing. In this review, we systematically reviewed viral and host genetic variations related to SARSCoV- 2 entry, as well as the relationship between the diversity of these variations and the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to provide better insights into the transmission and pathogenesis of COVID-19 from the perspective of genetic variants and epigenetic factors so as to prevent, control, and treat COVID-19, especially among high-risk populations with genetic risk variants.
新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行是由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的，它席卷全球，带来了前所未有的公共卫生危机。在 SARS-CoV-2 进入的过程中，血管紧张素转换酶 2 起着关键作用。此外，其他蛋白分子，如跨膜蛋白酶/丝氨酸 2、furin、组织蛋白酶 L 和解整合素金属蛋白酶 17，也会影响病毒与宿主细胞的相互作用。由于病毒和人群的变异可以决定病毒的传染性，并影响个体对 SARS-CoV-2 感染和疾病结果的易感性，因此对上述蛋白分子的变异及其在 COVID-19 中的作用的研究正在全面展开。在这篇综述中，我们系统地回顾了与 SARS-CoV-2 进入相关的病毒和宿主遗传变异，以及这些变异的多样性与 COVID-19 大流行之间的关系。我们旨在从遗传变异和表观遗传因素的角度更好地了解 COVID-19 的传播和发病机制，以便预防、控制和治疗 COVID-19，特别是在具有遗传风险变异的高危人群中。
