Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan,
Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
Zoolog Sci. 2022 Feb;39(1):41-51. doi: 10.2108/zs210061.
Japan has many coastal carbon dioxide seeps as it is one of the most volcanically active parts of the world. These shallow seeps do not have the spectacular aggregations of specialist fauna seen in deep-sea vent systems but they do have gradients in seawater carbonate chemistry that are useful as natural analogues of the effects of ocean acidification on marine biodiversity, ecosystem function and fisheries. Here, we compare macroinvertebrate diversity and abundance on rocky habitats at ambient (mean ≤ 410 µatm) and high (mean 971-1484 µatm) levels of seawater CO in the warm-temperate region of Japan, avoiding areas with toxic sulphur or warm-water conditions. We show that although 70% of intertidal taxa and 40% of shallow subtidal taxa were able to tolerate the high CO conditions, there was a marked reduction in the abundance of corals, bivalves and gastropods in acidified conditions. A narrower range of filter feeders, grazers, detritivores, scavengers and carnivores were present at high CO resulting in a simplified coastal system that was unable to retain the high standing stocks of marine carbon biomass found in ambient conditions. It is clear that cuts in CO emissions would reduce the risks of climate change and ocean acidification impacts on marine biodiversity, shellfish production and biomass in the rocky coastal shores of this region.
日本拥有许多沿海二氧化碳渗漏区，因为它是世界上火山活动最活跃的地区之一。这些浅层渗漏区没有深海喷口系统中所见的专业动物群的壮观聚集，但它们确实存在海水碳酸盐化学梯度，可用作海洋酸化对海洋生物多样性、生态系统功能和渔业影响的天然类似物。在这里，我们比较了日本温带地区海水 CO 浓度处于环境（平均值≤410µatm）和高（平均值 971-1484µatm）水平时的岩石生境中的大型无脊椎动物多样性和丰度，避免了有毒硫或温水条件的区域。我们表明，尽管 70%的潮间带分类群和 40%的浅海亚潮带分类群能够耐受高 CO 条件，但在酸化条件下珊瑚、双壳类和腹足类的丰度明显减少。在高 CO 条件下，滤食者、食草动物、碎屑食者、清道夫和肉食者的范围较窄，导致沿海系统简化，无法保留在环境条件下发现的海洋碳生物量的高存量。显然，减少 CO 排放将降低气候变化和海洋酸化对该地区岩石海岸海洋生物多样性、贝类生产和生物量的影响风险。
