Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2022 Jan 28;55(suppl 1):e0269. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0269-2021. eCollection 2022.
Larynx cancer is one of the most common head and neck cancers, whose main risk factors are smoking and alcohol use, and its occurrence and prognosis depend on adequate and timely preventive measures. This study aimed to investigate the burden of larynx cancer in Brazil and its states.
Using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, this study analyzed the trends of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for larynx cancer between 1990 and 2019, besides the mortality-to-incidence ratio and the socio demographic index.
Incidence and mortality due to larynx cancer in Brazil, which are approximately eight-fold higher for men, showed a declining trend between 1990 and 2019 (APPC: -0.4% and -1.0%, respectively). The DALYs also showed negative variation between 1990 and 2019 for both sexes in Brazil, mainly due to the decrease in premature deaths, with the greatest reduction in the state of São Paulo. For the states of Brazil in 2019, the higher age-standardized incidence rate (Rio Grande do Sul, 3.83 cases per 100,000 inhabitants) is twice the lowest rate (Piauí, 1.56 cases per 100,000 inhabitants).
A fall in the burden of larynx cancer was observed in Brazil over the past 30 years, which may be attributed to a reduction in smoking and to an improvement in treatment. However, the regional inequalities in the country remain evident, especially for males. This data can guide public policy priorities to control the disease in Brazil.
喉癌是最常见的头颈部癌症之一，其主要危险因素是吸烟和饮酒，其发生和预后取决于充分和及时的预防措施。本研究旨在调查巴西及其各州喉癌的负担。
本研究使用 2019 年全球疾病负担研究的估计值，分析了 1990 年至 2019 年间巴西喉癌发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs）的趋势，以及死亡率与发病率之比和社会人口指数。
巴西男性喉癌的发病率和死亡率大约高 8 倍，在 1990 年至 2019 年间呈下降趋势（APC：分别为-0.4%和-1.0%）。1990 年至 2019 年间，巴西男女两性的 DALYs 也呈负向变化，主要是由于早逝人数减少，圣保罗州的降幅最大。2019 年巴西各州的年龄标准化发病率较高（南里奥格兰德州，每 10 万人中有 3.83 例），是发病率最低的州（皮奥伊州，每 10 万人中有 1.56 例）的两倍。
在过去的 30 年中，巴西喉癌的负担有所下降，这可能归因于吸烟人数的减少和治疗水平的提高。然而，该国的地区不平等现象依然明显，尤其是男性。这些数据可以为巴西控制疾病的公共政策提供指导。
