Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2022 Apr;66(7):e2100653. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202100653. Epub 2022 Feb 11.
Dietary protein, prebiotic fiber, and exercise individually have been shown to aid in weight loss; however less is known of their combined effects on energy balance. The effects of diets high in protein and fiber, with exercise, on energy balance, hormones, and gut microbiota, were determined.
Obese male rats were fed high-fat diets with high protein and fiber contents from egg protein and cellulose, egg protein and inulin, whey protein and cellulose, or whey protein and inulin, together with treadmill exercise. We found that inulin enriched diets decreased energy intake and respiratory quotient (RQ), increased energy expenditure (EE), and upregulated transcripts for cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY, and proglucagon in distal gut. Notably, CCK1-receptor blockade attenuated the hypophagic effects of diets and in particular whey-inulin diet, and β-adrenergic blockade reduced EE across all diets. Egg-cellulose, egg-inulin, and whey-inulin diets decreased weight gain, adiposity, and hepatic lipidosis; decreased lipogenic transcripts, improved glycemic control, and upregulated hepatic glucose metabolism transcripts; and decreased plasma insulin and leptin. Importantly, diet was linked to altered gut microbial composition and plasma metabolomics, and a subset of predicted metagenome pathways and plasma metabolites significantly correlated, with plasma butyric acid the most strongly associated to metagenome function.
Combination of dietary egg or whey protein with inulin and exercise improved energy balance, glucose metabolism, upregulated anorectic hormones, and selectively modulated gut microbiota and plasma metabolites.
已证实，膳食蛋白质、益生元纤维和运动单独作用有助于减肥；但对于它们对能量平衡的综合影响知之甚少。本研究旨在确定高蛋白、高纤维饮食与运动相结合对能量平衡、激素和肠道微生物群的影响。
研究人员给肥胖雄性大鼠喂食高脂肪饮食，这些饮食的蛋白质和纤维含量很高，来源于卵蛋白和纤维素、卵蛋白和菊粉、乳清蛋白和纤维素或乳清蛋白和菊粉，并结合跑步机运动。研究发现，富含菊粉的饮食可减少能量摄入和呼吸商（RQ），增加能量消耗（EE），并上调远肠中胆囊收缩素（CCK）、肽 YY 和胰高血糖素原的转录本。值得注意的是，CCK1 受体阻滞剂减弱了饮食特别是乳清菊粉饮食的致食欲作用，β-肾上腺素能阻滞剂降低了所有饮食的 EE。卵-纤维素、卵-菊粉和乳清-菊粉饮食可减少体重增加、肥胖、肝脂肪变性；降低脂肪生成转录本，改善血糖控制，并上调肝葡萄糖代谢转录本；并降低血浆胰岛素和瘦素。重要的是，饮食与肠道微生物组成和血浆代谢组学的改变有关，预测的微生物组途径和血浆代谢物的子集与血浆丁酸显著相关，与微生物组功能的相关性最强。
膳食中添加卵蛋白或乳清蛋白与菊粉和运动相结合可改善能量平衡、葡萄糖代谢，上调厌食激素，并选择性调节肠道微生物群和血浆代谢物。
