Energy and Environment Unit, Engineering and Processing Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board.
Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, SEGi University.
J Oleo Sci. 2022;71(2):177-185. doi: 10.5650/jos.ess21256.
Phosphoric acid is used in the refining of palm oil for the removal of phosphatides. The high concentration of phosphorus in solvent extracted palm-pressed mesocarp fiber oil hinders palm oil mills to recover this phytonutrients-rich residual oil in pressed fiber which typically contains 0.1 to 0.2% of total oil yield. This study aimed to refine the palm-pressed mesocarp fiber oil and determine the optimum dosage of phosphoric acid for acid-degumming of palm-pressed mesocarp fiber oil while retaining its phytonutrients. The refining process was carried out with combination of wet degumming, acid degumming, neutralisation, bleaching and deodorization. The optimum dose of phosphoric acid was identified as 0.05 wt.% by incorporating the wet degumming process. The refined palm-pressed mesocarp fiber oil showed a reduction in phosphorus content by 97% (from 901 ppm to 20 ppm) and 97% free fatty acid content removal (from 6.36% to 0.17%), while the Deterioration of Bleachability Index increased from 1.76 to 2.48, which showed an increment of 41%. The refined oil retained the key phytonutrients such as carotenoids (1,150 ppm) and vitamin E (1,540 ppm) that can be further developed into high-value products. The oil meets the quality specification of refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil while preserving the heat-sensitive phytonutrients, which in turn provides a new resource of nutritious oil.
磷酸用于棕榈油的精炼，以去除磷脂。溶剂萃取的棕榈压榨中层果肉纤维油中高浓度的磷阻碍了棕榈油厂从压榨纤维中回收这种富含植物营养素的剩余油，压榨纤维通常含有 0.1%至 0.2%的总油产量。本研究旨在精炼棕榈压榨中层果肉纤维油，并确定磷酸的最佳用量，以进行酸精炼，同时保留其植物营养素。精炼过程采用湿法脱胶、酸精炼、中和、漂白和脱臭相结合的方法进行。通过加入湿法脱胶过程，确定磷酸的最佳用量为 0.05wt%。精炼后的棕榈压榨中层果肉纤维油的磷含量降低了 97%（从 901ppm 降至 20ppm），游离脂肪酸含量降低了 97%（从 6.36%降至 0.17%），而可皂化值增加了 41%（从 1.76 增至 2.48）。精炼油保留了关键的植物营养素，如类胡萝卜素（1150ppm）和维生素 E（1540ppm），可进一步开发成高附加值产品。该油符合精炼、漂白和除臭棕榈油的质量规格，同时保留了热敏植物营养素，从而为营养油提供了新的资源。
