Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - LABEV, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
Faculdade Estácio de Castanhal, Castanhal, PA, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 2;12(1):1797. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05450-1.
Tropical forests are being heavily modified by varying intensities of land use ranging from structural degradation to complete conversion. While ecological responses of vertebrate assemblages to habitat modification are variable, such understanding is critical to appropriate conservation planning of anthropogenic landscapes. We assessed the responses of medium/large-bodied mammal assemblages to the ecological impacts of reduced impact logging, secondary regrowth, and eucalyptus and oil palm plantations in Eastern Brazilian Amazonia. We used within-landscape paired baseline-treatment comparisons to examine the impact of different types of habitat modification in relation to adjacent primary forest. We examined assemblage-wide metrics including the total number of species, number of primary forest species retained in modified habitats, abundance, species composition, and community integrity. We ranked all types of habitat modification along a gradient of assemblage-wide impact intensity, with oil palm and eucalyptus plantations exerting the greatest impact, followed by secondary regrowth, and selectively logging. Selectively-logged and secondary forests did not experience discernible biodiversity loss, except for the total number of primary forest species retained. Secondary forests further experienced pronounced species turnover, with loss of community integrity. Considering the biodiversity retention capacity of anthropogenic habitats, this study reinforces the landscape-scale importance of setting aside large preserved areas.
热带森林正受到不同强度的土地利用变化的严重影响，从结构退化到完全转换。虽然脊椎动物组合对栖息地变化的生态响应是多种多样的，但这种理解对于人为景观的适当保护规划至关重要。我们评估了中/大型哺乳动物组合对减少影响采伐、次生林再生以及巴西亚马逊东部桉树和油棕种植园的生态影响的反应。我们使用景观内配对的基线-处理比较来研究不同类型的栖息地变化对与相邻原始森林的关系的影响。我们检查了包括物种总数、保留在改良生境中的主要森林物种数量、丰度、物种组成和群落完整性在内的组合范围指标。我们根据对组合范围影响强度的梯度对所有类型的栖息地变化进行了排名，油棕和桉树种植园的影响最大，其次是次生林再生和选择性采伐。选择性采伐和次生林除了保留的主要森林物种总数外，并没有经历明显的生物多样性损失。次生林进一步经历了明显的物种更替，丧失了群落完整性。考虑到人为生境的生物多样性保留能力，本研究强调了在景观尺度上留出大面积保护区的重要性。
