Mendes-Oliveira Ana Cristina, Peres Carlos A, Maués Paula Cristina R de A, Oliveira Geovana Linhares, Mineiro Ivo G B, de Maria Susanne L Silva, Lima Renata C S
Laboratory of Ecology and Zoology of Vertebrate, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2017 Nov 8;12(11):e0187650. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187650. eCollection 2017.
Oil palm monoculture comprises one of the most financially attractive land-use options in tropical forests, but cropland suitability overlaps the distribution of many highly threatened vertebrate species. We investigated how forest mammals respond to a landscape mosaic, including mature oil palm plantations and primary forest patches in Eastern Amazonia. Using both line-transect censuses (LTC) and camera-trapping (CT), we quantified the general patterns of mammal community structure and attempted to identify both species life-history traits and the environmental and spatial covariates that govern species intolerance to oil palm monoculture. Considering mammal species richness, abundance, and species composition, oil palm plantations were consistently depauperate compared to the adjacent primary forest, but responses differed between functional groups. The degree of forest habitat dependency was a leading trait, determining compositional dissimilarities across habitats. Considering both the LTC and CT data, distance from the forest-plantation interface had a significant effect on mammal assemblages within each habitat type. Approximately 87% of all species detected within oil palm were never farther than 1300 m from the forest edge. Our study clearly reinforces the notion that conventional oil palm plantations are extremely hostile to native tropical forest biodiversity, which does not bode well given prospects for oil palm expansion in both aging and new Amazonian deforestation frontiers.
油棕单一栽培是热带森林中经济上最具吸引力的土地利用选择之一，但农田适宜性与许多高度濒危脊椎动物物种的分布重叠。我们调查了森林哺乳动物如何应对景观镶嵌体，包括亚马孙东部的成熟油棕种植园和原始森林斑块。通过使用样线调查（LTC）和相机陷阱（CT），我们量化了哺乳动物群落结构的一般模式，并试图确定物种生活史特征以及控制物种对油棕单一栽培不耐受的环境和空间协变量。考虑到哺乳动物的物种丰富度、丰度和物种组成，与相邻的原始森林相比，油棕种植园的物种始终较为贫乏，但不同功能组的反应有所不同。对森林栖息地的依赖程度是一个主要特征，决定了不同栖息地之间的组成差异。综合考虑LTC和CT数据，距森林 - 种植园界面的距离对每种栖息地类型内的哺乳动物群落有显著影响。在油棕种植园内检测到的所有物种中，约87%距离森林边缘从不超过1300米。我们的研究明确强化了这样一种观念，即传统油棕种植园对本地热带森林生物多样性极其不利，鉴于油棕在老化和新的亚马孙森林砍伐前沿地区扩张的前景，这并非好兆头。
