Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 2;12(1):1758. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05936-y.
The bacterial composition of the gut lumen and mucosa is distinct and the mucosa-associated bacteria are thought to play a more critical role in interactions with the host immune system. However, limited studies of the gut mucosal microbiota in humans have been available due to methodological challenges. Here, we evaluated the potential use of colonic lavage samples for mucosal microbiota analysis in humans. Among the different types of colonic mucosal samples collected from healthy volunteers, the lavage samples contained a higher amount of bacterial DNA and were less contaminated with host DNA compared to mucosal brushing (brush) and biopsy. Although 16S gene amplicon sequencing showed that the bacterial composition of the lavage was intermediate between that of feces and biopsy, mucosal bacteria abundant in the biopsy were also enriched in lavage samples. Furthermore, differences in mucosal microbes between non-smokers and smokers were detectable in lavage samples. Our data emphasize that colonic lavage is suitable for analysis of the mucosal microbiota. Given its minimal invasiveness and high bacterial DNA content, the colonic lavage will promote research on the human mucosal microbiota, especially in gastrointestinal disorders.
肠道腔和黏膜的细菌组成不同，黏膜相关细菌被认为在与宿主免疫系统的相互作用中发挥着更关键的作用。然而，由于方法学上的挑战，目前可用于人类肠道黏膜微生物组的研究非常有限。在这里，我们评估了使用结肠灌洗样本进行人类黏膜微生物组分析的潜力。在从健康志愿者中收集的不同类型的结肠黏膜样本中，与黏膜刷检（brush）和活检相比，灌洗液样本中含有更多数量的细菌 DNA，并且宿主 DNA 的污染较少。尽管 16S 基因扩增子测序显示，灌洗液的细菌组成介于粪便和活检之间，但在活检中丰富的黏膜细菌也在灌洗液样本中得到富集。此外，在灌洗液样本中可检测到非吸烟者和吸烟者之间黏膜微生物的差异。我们的数据强调了结肠灌洗适用于黏膜微生物组的分析。鉴于其微创性和高细菌 DNA 含量，结肠灌洗将促进对人类黏膜微生物组的研究，特别是在胃肠道疾病方面。
