Pet Nutrology Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2022 Mar;106(2):355-367. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13689. Epub 2022 Feb 2.
During a weight loss program, energy restriction is performed, which can result in nutrient intake below the minimum recommendations if a proper diet is not offered. A common recommendation for dogs undergoing energy restriction is to use a veterinary diet formulated for the management of obesity to potentially reduce the likelihood of nutritional deficiencies. The objective of this study was to perform bromatological and essential mineral analysis in veterinary diets for the management of canine obesity available in the Brazilian market and to analyse whether these diets provide the recommended amount of nutrients per kg of metabolic body weight (kg BW ) for animals undergoing energy restriction. Samples of all veterinary diets for the management of canine obesity available in the Brazilian pet food market were analysed (n = 8). The nutrient supply per kg BW was calculated and compared with the NRC recommended allowance and FEDIAF recommendations by descriptive statistics. For this purpose, the weight loss energy requirement equations of 70 kcal/target body weight and 63 kcal/target body weight were used, in which target body weight corresponds to 10%-40% of the initial body weight according to the body condition score. The manufacturers' intake recommendations were also evaluated and compared to the NRC and FEDIAF recommendations. Almost all of the diets (n = 7/8) had at least one nutrient below the NRC and FEDIAF recommendations when target weight of minus 10%, 20% or 30% was considered, and all diets had at least one nutrient deficiency when the target weight was minus 40%. When the energy intake was restricted a further 10%, all diets had at least one nutrient below recommendations at the minus 30% target weight. The nutrients for which the recommendations were not met were as follows: calcium, magnesium, potassium, selenium, sodium, protein and fat. When compared to the manufacturers' recommendations, nutrient deficiencies were observed in all of the diets when compared to the NRC and in 7/8 when compared to FEDIAF, and all diets had at least one deficiency when compared to both NRC and FEDIAF after an extra 10% calorie restriction. It was concluded that the majority of veterinary diets formulated for weight loss/obesity management in Brazil did not meet all the recommendations of the analysed nutrients, which reinforces that diets for weight loss should be used according to veterinary prescription and should ideally be prescribed by nutrition specialists that can better understand the limitations of the diet's composition.
在减肥计划中，会限制能量摄入，如果没有提供适当的饮食，可能会导致营养素摄入低于最低推荐量。对于需要限制能量的狗，一种常见的建议是使用专门为肥胖管理配制的兽医饮食，以潜在降低营养缺乏的可能性。本研究的目的是对巴西市场上可用于管理犬肥胖的兽医饮食进行营养成分和必需矿物质分析，并分析这些饮食是否能提供每公斤代谢体重（kgBW）所需的推荐量的营养素。对巴西宠物食品市场上所有可用于管理犬肥胖的兽医饮食进行了分析（n=8）。按描述性统计计算每公斤 BW 的营养素供应量，并与 NRC 推荐量和 FEDIAF 建议进行比较。为此，使用了 70 卡路里/目标体重和 63 卡路里/目标体重的减肥能量需求方程，其中目标体重根据身体状况评分对应于初始体重的 10%-40%。还评估了制造商的摄入量建议，并与 NRC 和 FEDIAF 建议进行了比较。当考虑目标体重减少 10%、20%或 30%时，几乎所有的饮食（n=7/8）都至少有一种营养素低于 NRC 和 FEDIAF 的建议，而当目标体重减少 40%时，所有饮食都至少有一种营养素缺乏。当能量摄入再减少 10%时，所有饮食在目标体重减少 30%时至少有一种营养素低于建议量。不符合建议的营养素如下：钙、镁、钾、硒、钠、蛋白质和脂肪。与制造商的建议相比，当与 NRC 相比时，所有饮食都存在营养不足，当与 FEDIAF 相比时，8 分之 7 的饮食存在营养不足，当与 NRC 和 FEDIAF 相比时，在额外减少 10%的卡路里后，所有饮食都至少存在一种不足。结论是，巴西大多数用于减肥/肥胖管理的兽医饮食都没有满足分析营养素的所有建议，这表明减肥饮食应根据兽医处方使用，最好由能够更好地理解饮食组成局限性的营养专家来开。
