Department of Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany.
Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
Ecol Appl. 2022 Apr;32(3):e2560. doi: 10.1002/eap.2560. Epub 2022 Mar 16.
Biological control services of agroecosystems depend on the functional diversity of species traits. However, the relationship between arthropod traits and landscape heterogeneity is still poorly understood, especially in tropical rice agroecosystems, which harbor a high diversity of often specialized species. We investigated how landscape heterogeneity, measured by three metrics of landscape composition and configuration, influenced body size, functional group composition, dispersal ability, and vertical distribution of rice arthropods in the Philippines. We found that landscape composition and configuration acted to filter arthropod traits in tropical rice agroecosystems. Landscape diversity and rice habitat fragmentation were the two main gradients influencing rice-arthropod traits, indicating that different rice arthropods have distinct habitat requirements. Whereas small parasitoids and species mostly present in the rice canopy were favored in landscapes with high compositional heterogeneity, predators and medium-sized species occupying the base of the rice plant, including planthoppers, mostly occurred in highly fragmented rice habitats. We demonstrate the importance of landscape heterogeneity as an ecological filter for rice arthropods, identifying how the different components of landscape heterogeneity selected for or against specific functional traits. However, the contrasting effects of landscape parameters on different groups of natural enemies indicate that not all beneficial rice arthropods can be promoted at the same time when using a single land management strategy. Increasing compositional heterogeneity in rice landscapes can promote parasitoids but may also negatively affect predators. Future research should focus on identifying trade-offs between fragmented rice habitats and structurally diverse landscapes to maximize the presence of multiple groups of beneficial arthropods.
农业生态系统的生物防治服务依赖于物种特征的功能多样性。然而，节肢动物特征与景观异质性之间的关系仍知之甚少，特别是在热带水稻农业生态系统中，这些系统中常常存在高度专业化的物种。我们调查了景观异质性（通过三个景观组成和配置的度量标准来衡量）如何影响菲律宾水稻节肢动物的体型、功能组组成、扩散能力和垂直分布。我们发现，景观组成和配置对热带水稻农业生态系统中的节肢动物特征起到了过滤作用。景观多样性和稻田生境破碎化是影响水稻-节肢动物特征的两个主要梯度，表明不同的水稻节肢动物具有不同的生境需求。而在具有高组成异质性的景观中，小型寄生蜂和主要存在于稻田冠层的物种受到青睐，而占据水稻植株底部的捕食者和中型物种，包括飞虱，则主要出现在高度破碎化的稻田生境中。我们证明了景观异质性作为水稻节肢动物的生态过滤器的重要性，确定了不同的景观异质性成分如何选择或反对特定的功能特征。然而，景观参数对不同类别的天敌的对比影响表明，当使用单一的土地管理策略时，并非所有有益的水稻节肢动物都可以同时得到促进。增加稻田景观的组成异质性可以促进寄生蜂，但也可能对捕食者产生负面影响。未来的研究应集中于确定碎片化稻田生境与结构多样化景观之间的权衡，以最大限度地提高多种有益节肢动物的存在。
