Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Health and Rehabilitation Sciences PhD Program, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Obes Rev. 2022 Jun;23(6):e13431. doi: 10.1111/obr.13431. Epub 2022 Feb 3.
Youth who are obese or overweight demonstrate evidence of poor lower extremity joint health and alterations in gait characteristics compared with youth who are healthy weight. However, there is no consensus if altered movement patterns are still present during high-impact activities. The purpose of this review was to determine if spatiotemporal and kinematic and kinetic variables during high-impact activities were significantly different between youth who are overweight and obese compared with youth who are healthy weight. An electronic search of five databases was conducted, and a meta-analysis and qualitative evidence synthesis was performed to determine the level of evidence, analyzing three tasks: running, jumping, and hopping. The findings of this review include the following: (1) overweight/obese (OW/OB) had higher stance phase time during running, (2) OW/OB had decreased hip flexion angles during running and stationary running, (3) OW/OB had decreased knee flexion angles during landing phase of jumping and hopping, and (4) OW/OB had increased hip abduction moments during running and jumping. These altered kinematic and kinetic variables at the hip and knee may result in mechanical inefficiency with high-impact activities, as well as potentially increased risk of joint degradation and poor joint health into adulthood.
肥胖或超重的青少年与健康体重的青少年相比，下肢关节健康状况较差，步态特征发生改变。然而，对于高强度活动中是否仍存在运动模式改变，目前尚无共识。本综述的目的是确定超重和肥胖青少年与健康体重青少年相比，在高强度活动中时空和运动学以及运动学变量是否存在显著差异。对五个数据库进行了电子检索，并进行了荟萃分析和定性证据综合，以确定证据水平，分析了跑步、跳跃和单足跳三种任务。本综述的研究结果包括以下几点：（1）超重/肥胖（OW/OB）在跑步时的支撑相时间更长；（2）OW/OB 在跑步和静立跑步时髋关节屈曲角度减小；（3）OW/OB 在跳跃和单足跳的着陆阶段膝关节屈曲角度减小；（4）OW/OB 在跑步和跳跃时髋关节外展力矩增加。髋关节和膝关节的这些运动学和运动学变量的改变可能导致高强度活动中的机械效率降低，并可能增加关节退化和成年后关节健康不良的风险。
