Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee AvenueKowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
Biomed Mater. 2022 Feb 16;17(2). doi: 10.1088/1748-605X/ac51b9.
Tissue engineered cartilaginous constructs have meet great advances in the past decades as a treatment for osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease affecting people all over the world as the population ages. Scaffold-free tissue engineered constructs are designed and developed in recent years with only cells and cell-derived matrix involved. Scaffold-free tissue constructs do not require cell adherence on exogenous materials and are superior to scaffold-based constructs in (a) relying on only cells to produce matrix, (b) not interfering cell-cell signaling, cell migration or small molecules diffusion after implantation and (c) introducing no exogenous impurities. In this review, three main scaffold-free methodologies for cartilage tissue engineering, the cell sheet technology, the phase transfer cell culture-living hyaline cartilage graft system and the cell aggregate-based (bottom-up) methods, were reviewed, covering mold fabrication, decellularization and 3D bioprinting. The recent advances, medical applications, superiority and drawbacks were elaborated in detail.
在过去的几十年中，作为治疗骨关节炎的一种方法，组织工程软骨构建体取得了重大进展。骨关节炎是一种退行性疾病，随着人口老龄化，全世界越来越多的人受到影响。近年来，人们设计并开发了无支架组织工程构建体，仅涉及细胞和细胞衍生的基质。无支架组织构建体不需要细胞在外部材料上附着，并且在以下方面优于基于支架的构建体：(a)仅依靠细胞产生基质；(b) 不会干扰细胞-细胞信号转导、细胞迁移或小分子扩散；(c) 不引入外源性杂质。在这篇综述中，回顾了三种主要的无支架组织工程软骨方法，即细胞片技术、相转移细胞培养-活透明软骨移植物系统和基于细胞聚集的（自下而上）方法，涵盖了模具制造、脱细胞和 3D 生物打印。详细阐述了最近的进展、医学应用、优势和缺点。
