周期性生酮饮食对新诊断的超重或肥胖 2 型糖尿病患者的影响。
The effect of periodic ketogenic diet on newly diagnosed overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
机构信息
Department o f Endocrinology, Teaching Hospital, The First Hospital of Putian, Fujian Medical University, Putian, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
Department of Pathology, Putian University, Medical University, Fujian, China.
出版信息
BMC Endocr Disord. 2022 Feb 3;22(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s12902-022-00947-2.
BACKGROUND
The ketogenic diet (KD) is characterized by fat as a substitute of carbohydrates for the primary energy source. There is a large number of overweight or obese people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while this study aims to observe periodic ketogenic diet for effect on overweight or obese patients newly diagnosed as T2DM.
METHODS
A total of 60 overweight or obese patients newly diagnosed as T2DM were randomized into two groups: KD group, which was given ketogenic diet, and control group, which was given routine diet for diabetes, 30 cases in each group. Both dietary patterns lasted 12 weeks, and during the period, the blood glucose, blood lipid, body weight, insulin, and uric acid before and after intervention, as well as the significance for relevant changes, were observed.
RESULTS
For both groups, the weight, BMI(body mass index), Waist, TG (triglyceride), TC(cholesterol), LDL (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), FBG (fasting glucose), FINS (fasting insulin), HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin) were decreased after intervention (P < 0.05), while the decrease rates in the KD group was more significant than the control group. However, UA(serum uric acid) in the KD group showed an upward trend, while in the control group was not changed significantly (P > 0.05).The willingness to adhere to the ketogenic diet over the long term was weaker than to the routine diet for diabetes.
CONCLUSION
Among the overweight or obese patients newly diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus, periodic ketogenic diet can not only control the body weight, but also control blood glucose and lipid, but long-term persistence is difficult.
背景
生酮饮食（KD）的特点是以脂肪代替碳水化合物作为主要能量来源。有大量超重或肥胖的 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者，而本研究旨在观察周期性生酮饮食对新诊断为 T2DM 的超重或肥胖患者的影响。
方法
将 60 例超重或肥胖的新诊断为 T2DM 的患者随机分为两组：KD 组给予生酮饮食，对照组给予糖尿病常规饮食，每组 30 例。两种饮食模式均持续 12 周，观察干预前后血糖、血脂、体重、胰岛素、尿酸的变化及其意义。
结果
两组患者体重、BMI（体重指数）、腰围、TG（甘油三酯）、TC（胆固醇）、LDL（低密度脂蛋白胆固醇）、HDL（高密度脂蛋白胆固醇）、FBG（空腹血糖）、FINS（空腹胰岛素）、HbA1c（糖化血红蛋白）均较干预前降低（P<0.05），KD 组降低幅度大于对照组。然而，KD 组的 UA（血清尿酸）呈上升趋势，而对照组则无明显变化（P>0.05）。长期坚持生酮饮食的意愿弱于糖尿病常规饮食。
结论
对于新诊断为 2 型糖尿病的超重或肥胖患者，周期性生酮饮食不仅可以控制体重，还可以控制血糖和血脂，但长期坚持比较困难。
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