José Galvez 780E, Lima, 15074, Peru.
Carrera de Biología Marina, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Feb 4;194(3):142. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-09782-3.
In Peru, while several mass mortality events have been reported in the last two decades, there has been minimal systematic stranding monitoring. In this study, we report on repeated stranding monitoring that took place between October 2003 and October 2015, at Ite beach, Tacna (17° 54' 47" S 70° 58' 21" W). The objectives of the study were to assess the proportion of strandings by taxon and whether there were seasonal effects on abundance of stranded marine fauna. The study location was assessed opportunistically by trained observers who recorded and identified every stranded marine animal to the highest taxonomic degree possible. Stranded specimens of seabirds and marine mammals were grouped into overarching taxa of coastal and oceanic seabirds, and cetaceans and carnivorans. A principal component analysis (PCA) to visualize the association among stranded taxa registered along the study period and sea surface temperature anomalies using the Oceanic El Niño Index (ONI 3.4) and El Niño Coastal Index (ICEN) indexes and a Kruskal-Wallis test were conducted to evaluate abundance differences among taxonomic groups, taxa strandings and seasons. A total of 17,827 carcasses were encountered, 92.4% was seabirds and 7.6% marine mammals. Differences in abundances were significant among coastal and oceanic seabirds and marine mammals. Significant differences among seasons for cormorants and boobies were also identified. Coastal seabirds and pinnipeds dominated the stranding counts. A massive mortality of cormorants and boobies was registered between June and July 2014 possibly due to a moderate El Niño event. These strandings provide valuable information that could help lay the groundwork for implementation of a stranding network and science-based management projects in southern Peru.
在过去的二十年中，秘鲁报告了几起大规模死亡事件，但系统的搁浅监测却很少。在这项研究中，我们报告了 2003 年 10 月至 2015 年 10 月期间在塔克纳的伊特海滩（17°54'47" S 70°58'21" W）进行的重复搁浅监测。本研究的目的是评估按分类群划分的搁浅比例，以及丰度是否存在季节性影响海洋动物。研究地点由经过培训的观察员进行机会性评估，他们记录并尽可能确定每一个搁浅的海洋动物的最高分类群。海鸟和海洋哺乳动物的搁浅标本分为沿海和海洋海鸟以及鲸目动物和食肉动物等主要分类群。使用海洋厄尔尼诺指数（ONI 3.4）和厄尔尼诺沿海指数（ICEN）以及主成分分析（PCA）来可视化沿研究期间记录的搁浅分类群与海面温度异常之间的关联，并进行 Kruskal-Wallis 检验来评估分类群、分类群搁浅和季节之间的丰度差异。共遇到 17827 具尸体，其中 92.4%为海鸟，7.6%为海洋哺乳动物。沿海和海洋海鸟和海洋哺乳动物的丰度差异显著。海雀和鲣鸟的季节差异也很显著。沿海海鸟和鳍足类动物在搁浅计数中占主导地位。2014 年 6 月至 7 月期间，记录到大量鸬鹚和鲣鸟死亡，可能是由于中度厄尔尼诺事件。这些搁浅事件提供了有价值的信息，可以为在秘鲁南部实施搁浅网络和基于科学的管理项目奠定基础。
