Sarnaik A P, Vohra M P
Clin Sports Med. 1986 Jan;5(1):33-46.
Near-drowning and immersion hypothermia are important, preventable causes of mortality and morbidity. The most important consequences of an immersion accident are hypoxia and its effects on the cardiovascular system and the CNS. The mammalian diving reflex and hypothermia may offer some protection to the CNS despite prolonged hypoxia. The initial management of a nearly drowned victim must be focused on reversal of hypoxemia and acidosis. Prompt and effective on-site CPR is of paramount importance in ensuring optimal survival. The presence of immersion hypothermia must be recognized. Hypothermic patients should be managed according to the severity and the duration of hypothermia. Active external rewarming is adequate for acute and mild hypothermia, whereas active core rewarming may be necessary for chronic and severe hypothermia.
近乎溺水和浸泡性体温过低是重要的、可预防的死亡和发病原因。浸泡事故最重要的后果是缺氧及其对心血管系统和中枢神经系统的影响。尽管存在长时间缺氧，哺乳动物潜水反射和体温过低可能会为中枢神经系统提供一些保护。近乎溺水受害者的初始处理必须着重于纠正低氧血症和酸中毒。及时有效的现场心肺复苏对于确保最佳生存至关重要。必须认识到浸泡性体温过低的存在。体温过低的患者应根据体温过低的严重程度和持续时间进行处理。主动体表复温适用于急性和轻度体温过低，而对于慢性和严重体温过低可能需要主动核心复温。
