Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 92697-3800 Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, 92697-3800 Irvine, CA, USA.
Neuroscience. 2022 Aug 10;497:86-96. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.01.023. Epub 2022 Feb 3.
The amygdala, specifically its basolateral nucleus (BLA), is a critical site integrating neuromodulatory influences on memory consolidation in other brain areas. Almost 20 years ago, we reported the first direct evidence that BLA activity is required for modulatory interventions in the entorhinal cortex (EC) to affect memory consolidation (Roesler, Roozendaal, and McGaugh, 2002). Since then, significant advances have been made in our understanding of how the EC participates in memory. For example, the characterization of grid cells specialized in processing spatial information in the medial EC (mEC) that act as major relayers of information to the hippocampus (HIP) has changed our view of memory processing by the EC; and the development of optogenetic technologies for manipulation of neuronal activity has recently enabled important new discoveries on the role of the BLA projections to the EC in memory. Here, we review the current evidence on interactions between the BLA and EC in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. The findings suggest that the EC may function as a gateway and mediator of modulatory influences from the BLA, which are then processed and relayed to the HIP. Through extensive reciprocal connections among the EC, HIP, and several cortical areas, information related to new memories is then consolidated by these multiple brain systems, through various molecular and cellular mechanisms acting in a distributed and highly concerted manner, during several hours after learning. A special note is made on the contribution by Ivan Izquierdo to our understanding of memory consolidation at the brain system level.
杏仁核，特别是其基底外侧核（BLA），是整合其他脑区记忆巩固的神经调节影响的关键部位。大约 20 年前，我们首次报道了直接证据，表明 BLA 活性是调节干预内嗅皮层（EC）以影响记忆巩固所必需的（Roesler、Roozendaal 和 McGaugh，2002）。从那时起，我们对 EC 如何参与记忆的理解取得了重大进展。例如，对内侧 EC（mEC）中专门处理空间信息的网格细胞的特征描述改变了我们对 EC 记忆处理的看法；光遗传学技术用于操纵神经元活动的发展最近使得关于 BLA 投射到 EC 在记忆中的作用的重要新发现成为可能。在这里，我们回顾了 BLA 和 EC 之间在突触可塑性和记忆形成中的相互作用的当前证据。这些发现表明，EC 可能作为 BLA 调节影响的门户和中介，然后对其进行处理并中继到 HIP。通过 EC、HIP 和几个皮质区域之间的广泛的相互连接，与新记忆相关的信息通过这些多个脑系统在学习后数小时内通过各种分子和细胞机制以分布式和高度协调的方式进行巩固。特别提到了 Ivan Izquierdo 对我们在大脑系统水平上理解记忆巩固的贡献。
