Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Belgium.
National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
Int J Cardiol. 2022 Apr 1;352:152-157. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.01.059. Epub 2022 Feb 3.
Patients' risk factor awareness is essential to decrease the risk of recurrent coronary events. The aim of this study was to provide up-to-date evidence on existing gender differences in the patients' knowledge of risk factors and information provided by healthcare professionals.
Analyses were based on the cross-sectional ESC EORP EUROASPIRE V survey, including data on CHD patients across 27 European countries. Consecutive patients (18-80 years), hospitalized for a coronary event or surgical procedure, were retrospectively identified. Information on risk factor awareness was collected from medical records, medical examination, and structured questionnaires during the study visit (six months to two years after hospitalization).
Patient information was available for 8261 patients, of which 25.8% were women. Although women with obesity were significantly less aware about their actual (OR = 0.66, CI = 0.52-0.85) and target weight levels (OR = 0.66, CI = 0.54-0.81), no significant gender differences in risk factor awareness were found in disfavour of women. Remarkably, women with hypertension and women with raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were even more aware about their target blood pressure levels (OR = 1.21, CI = 1.01-1.46) and actual cholesterol levels (OR = 1.18, CI = 1.02-1.36), respectively. Moreover, there is some indication that women were more informed by a healthcare professional if they had raised CHD risk factor levels.
Our study showed only few gender differences in disfavour of women in terms of risk factor awareness and information provided by a healthcare professional. Nevertheless, previous EUROASPIRE V findings demonstrated that women still have a poorer risk factor control in secondary CHD prevention.
患者对危险因素的认识对于降低复发性冠心病事件的风险至关重要。本研究旨在提供有关现有性别差异的最新证据，包括患者对危险因素的认识以及医疗保健专业人员提供的信息。
分析基于欧洲心脏病学会（ESC）EORP EUROASPIRE V 横断面调查的数据，该调查包括来自 27 个欧洲国家的冠心病患者数据。回顾性识别因冠心病事件或手术住院的连续患者（18-80 岁）。在研究访问期间（住院后 6 个月至 2 年），通过病历、体检和结构化问卷收集有关危险因素意识的信息。
患者信息可用于 8261 名患者，其中 25.8%为女性。尽管肥胖女性对其实际（OR=0.66，CI=0.52-0.85）和目标体重水平的认识明显较低，但在不利的风险因素意识方面，并未发现明显的性别差异。值得注意的是，患有高血压和患有高胆固醇水平的女性对其目标血压水平（OR=1.21，CI=1.01-1.46）和实际胆固醇水平（OR=1.18，CI=1.02-1.36）的认识甚至更高。此外，有迹象表明，如果女性的冠心病危险因素水平升高，她们更有可能得到医疗保健专业人员的告知。
我们的研究仅表明，在风险因素意识和医疗保健专业人员提供的信息方面，女性的性别差异较少。然而，以前的 EUROASPIRE V 研究结果表明，女性在二级冠心病预防中的危险因素控制仍然较差。
