Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 (entrance 42), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Medicine K2 Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2022 Oct 14;21(7):717-723. doi: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvab129.
Lifestyle management is essential in the secondary care of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Little evidence is available about gender differences in lifestyle counselling and lifestyle compliance. This study aimed to provide an overview on potential gender differences in lifestyle advice provided by a healthcare professional and patients' lifestyle compliance.
Analyses were based on the cross-sectional ESC EORP EUROASPIRE V survey including data on CHD patients across 27 European countries. Consecutive patients <80 years, hospitalized for a first or recurrent coronary event, were included in the study. Information on lifestyle management was collected from medical records, medical examination, and structured questionnaires during patient interviews (≥6 months to <2 years after hospitalization). Data were available for 8261 patients of whom 25.8% women. Overall, no gender differences were observed in lifestyle advice provided by a healthcare professional for smoking cessation advice, dietary advice, advice on losing weight, and physical activity advice (P > 0.05). However, a closer look at the particular actions to adopt a healthy diet revealed that women reported more frequently a reduction of their salt (68.6% vs. 73.7%; P = 0.002), fat (70.8% vs. 74.7%; P = 0.003), and calorie intake (56.8% vs. 60.5%; P = 0.004) compared to men. In contrast, women were less likely to increase their physical activity levels (55.5% vs. 48.0%; P < 0.001).
Despite little gender differences in lifestyle advice provided by a healthcare professional, lifestyle compliance for physical activity is worse in CHD women. Further actions are needed to increase physical activity levels in female CHD patients.
生活方式管理对于冠心病（CHD）患者的二级护理至关重要。关于生活方式咨询和生活方式依从性方面的性别差异，证据很少。本研究旨在概述医疗保健专业人员提供的生活方式建议中可能存在的性别差异以及患者的生活方式依从性。
分析基于跨欧洲心脏病调查（ESC EORP EUROASPIRE V）的横断面研究，该研究纳入了来自 27 个欧洲国家的 CHD 患者数据。研究纳入了首次或复发性冠状动脉事件住院的年龄<80 岁的连续患者。生活方式管理信息从病历、体检和患者访谈期间的结构化问卷中收集（住院后 6 个月至<2 年）。共有 8261 名患者的数据可用，其中 25.8%为女性。总体而言，在医疗保健专业人员提供的戒烟建议、饮食建议、减肥建议和体育活动建议方面，男女之间没有观察到生活方式建议的性别差异（P>0.05）。然而，仔细观察采用健康饮食的具体行动，发现女性更频繁地报告减少盐（68.6%对 73.7%；P=0.002）、脂肪（70.8%对 74.7%；P=0.003）和卡路里摄入（56.8%对 60.5%；P=0.004），而男性则减少。相比之下，女性增加体育活动水平的可能性较小（55.5%对 48.0%；P<0.001）。
尽管医疗保健专业人员提供的生活方式建议中性别差异较小，但 CHD 女性的身体活动依从性较差。需要进一步采取行动，提高女性 CHD 患者的身体活动水平。
