Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Prim Care. 2022 Mar;49(1):1-22. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2021.10.001. Epub 2022 Jan 5.
Because many skin lesions and disorders can appear similar, primary care clinicians often struggle to diagnose them definitively without histopathologic information obtained from a biopsy. This review article explains how to decide whether a lesion should be biopsied and what type of biopsy technique to use and then outlines the stepwise approach to each of the most common skin biopsy techniques: shave, saucerization, punch, fusiform, and subcutaneous nodule biopsies. Finally, potential pitfalls and complications are discussed so the clinician can avoid those and can provide a cosmetically acceptable result from these common outpatient procedures.
由于许多皮肤病变和疾病的表现可能相似，初级保健临床医生在没有获取活检的组织病理学信息的情况下，通常难以明确诊断。本文回顾了如何判断病变是否需要活检以及选择哪种活检技术，并概述了各种常见皮肤活检技术（包括切除活检、环钻活检、打孔活检、梭形活检和皮下结节活检）的具体操作步骤。最后，还讨论了潜在的陷阱和并发症，以帮助临床医生避免这些问题，并确保这些常见的门诊操作能达到美容上可接受的效果。
