Department of Urology, Sfantul Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
Department of Urology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
J Med Life. 2021 Nov-Dec;14(6):769-775. doi: 10.25122/jml-2021-0352.
Double J stent is an essential tool in urology, being a basic part of many urological procedures. However, some issues related to their use still occur. Our study aimed to evaluate an important number of procedures, the complications of ureteral stents, and their prevention and treatment retrospectively. We evaluate 50,000 procedures performed between 1996 and 2021 on 36,688 patients. According to the stenting duration, the cases were divided into short-term (less than 6 weeks - 34,213 procedures), respectively long-term stenting (more than 6 weeks - 15,757 procedures). The indications of stenting for both groups were noted. The total number of complications was 41,369. We encountered 153 cases (0.3%) of JJ stent malposition, of which 3 cases were into the retroperitoneum, one case with parenchymal perforation and hematoma. Considering the double J migrations, we found proximal migration in 427 cases (0.9%) and distal double J migrations in 352 (0.7%) cases. The obstruction of the ureteral stent, causing inefficient drainage, was encountered in 925 cases, while irritative bladder symptoms occurred in 16,326 cases (32.7%). Hematuria was observed in 5,213 cases, in 7 cases blood transfusion being necessary. Urinary tract infection was diagnosed in 7,436 cases (14.8%). Stent encrustation and calcification occurred in 832 cases, while stent fragmentation was noted in 52 cases. Double J stent complications should be promptly evaluated and treated. Encrustation and stone formation in forgotten stents often lead to serious complications and should be managed with stent removal and combined endourological techniques.
双 J 支架是泌尿科的重要工具，是许多泌尿科手术的基本组成部分。然而，在使用过程中仍会出现一些问题。我们的研究旨在回顾性评估大量手术、输尿管支架并发症及其预防和治疗。我们评估了 1996 年至 2021 年间对 36688 名患者进行的 50000 例手术。根据支架放置时间，病例分为短期（<6 周-34213 例）和长期（>6 周-15757 例）。注意了两组的支架置入指征。总共发生了 41369 例并发症。我们遇到了 153 例（0.3%）的 JJ 支架位置不当，其中 3 例进入腹膜后，1 例伴有实质穿孔和血肿。考虑到双 J 迁移，我们发现近端迁移 427 例（0.9%），远端双 J 迁移 352 例（0.7%）。925 例出现输尿管支架阻塞，导致引流不畅，16326 例（32.7%）出现刺激性膀胱症状。血尿 5213 例，7 例需要输血。诊断为尿路感染 7436 例（14.8%）。832 例发生支架结壳和钙化，52 例发生支架碎裂。应及时评估和治疗双 J 支架并发症。遗忘支架中的结壳和结石形成常导致严重并发症，应采用支架取出和联合腔内技术进行治疗。
