University Lille, CHU Lille, Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Stomatologie, Hôpital Roger Salengro, Rue Emile Laine, Lille F-59000, France.
University Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM, Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Stomatologie, U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterial, Lille F-59000, France.
J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Oct;123(5):e425-e432. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.02.002. Epub 2022 Feb 5.
Oral mucosal melanoma (OMM) is the subject of few studies, resulting in a lack of understanding. The aim of this study is to review the current literature on OMM. The term searched was "oral mucosal melanoma" between 01/01/2000 and 03/15/2021 in the PubMed Database (MEDLINE). Patients presenting with OMM and treated in our center between January 2009 and January 2020 were included in a case series. Demographics, location, risk factors, genetic mutations, treatment performed, and overall survival (OS) rates were evaluated. The PubMed database search yielded a total of 513 results, thirty-eight articles were finally included, which amounted to 2230 cases of OMM. 13 patients were included in the case series. A male-to-female ratio of 1.28:1.00 was found with a mean age at first diagnosis of 58.2 years old. Hard palate (1060 cases) and then gingiva (794 cases) were the two main locations. No risk factors could be identified. OMM were staged III or IV at diagnosis. Mutations were described as such: KIT in 14.6% of cases, BRAF in 7%, and NRAS in 5.6%. Treatment protocols varied but radical surgery was the cornerstone treatment associated with adjuvant therapies. Immunotherapy has not been evaluated for OMM. OS rates were 43.4% at 3 years, 33.1% at 5 year and 15.4% at 10 years. OMM show distinct features from cutaneous melanoma (CM): typical locations, no identified risk factors, different mutations profile, worse prognosis with advanced stage at diagnosis. Targeted therapies are still underused compared to CM.
口腔黏膜黑色素瘤（OMM）的研究较少，因此了解有限。本研究旨在回顾 OMM 的现有文献。在 PubMed 数据库（MEDLINE）中，检索词为“口腔黏膜黑色素瘤”，检索时间为 2000 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 3 月 15 日。纳入 2009 年 1 月至 2020 年 1 月在我们中心治疗的 OMM 患者进行病例系列研究。评估患者的人口统计学特征、位置、危险因素、基因突变、治疗方法和总生存率（OS）。PubMed 数据库检索共得到 513 项结果，最终有 38 篇文章被纳入，共计 2230 例 OMM。本病例系列纳入 13 例患者。男女比例为 1.28:1.00，首次诊断时的平均年龄为 58.2 岁。硬腭（1060 例）和牙龈（794 例）是最常见的两个部位。未发现危险因素。OMM 诊断时分期为 III 期或 IV 期。描述的突变如下：KIT 占 14.6%，BRAF 占 7%，NRAS 占 5.6%。治疗方案各不相同，但根治性手术是主要治疗方法，联合辅助治疗。免疫疗法尚未评估用于 OMM。3 年、5 年和 10 年的 OS 率分别为 43.4%、33.1%和 15.4%。OMM 与皮肤黑色素瘤（CM）有明显区别：典型部位、无明确危险因素、不同的突变谱、诊断时晚期的预后更差。与 CM 相比，靶向治疗的应用仍较少。
