Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022 Jun 1;54(6):1020-1027. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002870. Epub 2022 Feb 8.
This study examined school-age children's actual motor competence (MC) and perceived physical competence (PC) over 3 yr along with the covariate effects of gender and body mass index (BMI).
Participants were 1121 (girls 573, boys 548) children (mean age, 11.26 ± 0.32 yr) from 35 randomly selected public schools across Finland. MC was assessed using three movement tests targeting locomotor, stability, and object control skills, and PC was assessed using the sport competence subscale of the Physical Self-Perception Profile via four-phase monitoring.
MC and PC remained stable over time. Of the three variables, locomotor skills showed the strongest association with PC. Lower BMI was associated with advanced MC skills and a less steep decrease in locomotor and stability skills over time.
The acquisition of fundamental motor skills in childhood and early adolescence is a prerequisite for enhancing MC and PC. The contribution of locomotor skills to PC indicated that versatile lower limb strength, speed, dynamic balance, and movement skills are important for positive subjective beliefs about PC capability. Increasing the MC skills of the children in most need, particularly those with high BMI scores, merits special attention.
本研究在 3 年内检测了学龄儿童的实际运动能力（MC）和感知身体能力（PC），并对性别和体重指数（BMI）的协变量效应进行了分析。
参与者为来自芬兰 35 所随机选定的公立学校的 1121 名（女生 573 名，男生 548 名）儿童（平均年龄为 11.26±0.32 岁）。MC 通过三个针对运动技能、稳定性和物体控制技能的动作测试进行评估，PC 通过身体自我知觉概况的运动能力子量表通过四阶段监测进行评估。
MC 和 PC 随时间保持稳定。在这三个变量中，运动技能与 PC 的关联最强。较低的 BMI 与先进的 MC 技能相关，并且随着时间的推移，在运动和稳定性技能方面的下降幅度较小。
儿童和青少年时期基本运动技能的获得是提高 MC 和 PC 的前提。运动技能对 PC 的贡献表明，多功能的下肢力量、速度、动态平衡和运动技能对于对 PC 能力的积极主观信念很重要。特别需要关注那些最需要提高 MC 技能的儿童，特别是那些 BMI 得分较高的儿童。
