Nagano Natsuko, Watari Takashi, Tamaki Yukihisa, Onigata Kazumichi
Department of Radiation Therapy, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo shi, Shimane, Japan.
General Medicine Center, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo shi, Shimane, Japan.
Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle). 2022 Jan 31;3(1):115-123. doi: 10.1089/whr.2021.0095. eCollection 2022.
Gender inequalities persist in Japanese academic medicine. Some public medical schools have introduced various types of career support for women physicians, whereas few private schools have. Few studies describe the representation of women at different academic ranks and adequacy of career support in public and private medical schools in Japan. Cross-sectional descriptive study. We used publicly available data from the 2018 National Survey on Career Support for Japanese Women Physicians published by the Association of Japanese Medical Colleges in March 2019, which was answered by departments regarding supporting women physicians. Participants represented 51 public and 29 private medical schools in Japan. The proportion of women at academic ranks and career support availability in private and public medical schools were determined using chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test. The proportion of women in senior ranks was significantly higher in private (28.2%) than in public medical schools (25.4%) ( < 0.001). Excluding associate professors, the proportion of professors, lecturers, and assistant professors was significantly higher in private medical schools (3.8% vs. 5.8%, = 0.002; 12.2% vs. 16.0%, < 0.001; 20.5% vs. 29.9%, < 0.001). More public medical schools provided position support and support for other job aspects (43.1% vs. 20.7%, = 0.043; 70.6% vs. 20.7%, < 0.001). Public medical schools have lower proportions of women in the academic hierarchy but provide more career support than do private medical schools. Further study is needed to reveal the possible causes of this pattern.
日本医学学术界的性别不平等现象依然存在。一些公立医学院为女医生提供了各种职业支持，而私立医学院提供此类支持的却很少。很少有研究描述日本公立和私立医学院中不同学术职级的女性比例以及职业支持的充足程度。横断面描述性研究。我们使用了日本医学院协会于2019年3月发布的2018年日本女医生职业支持全国调查的公开数据，该调查由各部门就支持女医生的情况进行作答。参与者代表了日本的51所公立医学院和29所私立医学院。使用卡方检验或费舍尔精确检验来确定私立和公立医学院中学术职级的女性比例以及职业支持的可得性。私立医学院中高级职级的女性比例（28.2%）显著高于公立医学院（25.4%）（<0.001）。排除副教授后，私立医学院中教授、讲师和助理教授的比例显著更高（3.8%对5.8%，=0.002；12.2%对16.0%，<0.001；20.5%对29.9%，<0.001）。更多的公立医学院提供职位支持和其他工作方面的支持（43.1%对20.7%，=0.043；70.6%对20.7%，<0.001）。公立医学院中学术层级的女性比例较低，但比私立医学院提供更多的职业支持。需要进一步研究以揭示这种模式可能的成因。
