Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
J Mater Chem B. 2022 Mar 9;10(10):1486-1507. doi: 10.1039/d1tb02537f.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been increasingly recognized as a resource for disease treatment and regenerative medicine. Meanwhile, the unique chemical and physical properties of hydrogels provide innate advantages to achieve high quality MSCs on a large scale. Tremendous kinds of biomaterials have been employed to form hydrogels providing a controllable microenvironment for culturing MSCs. The development of materials science makes it possible to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), providing an effective means to understand mechanisms such as sensing and remodeling of the different microenvironments by MSCs. The mechanical cues, the formation mechanisms, material types and combination hydrogels are all discussed in this review for three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel culture systems. This article also focuses on the latest development of hydrogel culture systems applied both and . Besides the innovation of materials, the culture methods and spatiotemporal cues during the culture stage are other directions of exploration for 3D culture systems. The ultimate goal of hydrogel 3D culture systems is to perfectly mimic the native microenvironment for the study of MSC behavior or the applications of MSC-based therapies.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）越来越被认为是疾病治疗和再生医学的资源。同时，水凝胶独特的化学和物理性质为实现高质量的大规模 MSC 提供了固有优势。大量的生物材料被用于形成水凝胶，为培养 MSC 提供了可控制的微环境。材料科学的发展使其能够模拟天然细胞外基质（ECM），为理解 MSC 对不同微环境的感应和重塑等机制提供了有效的手段。本文综述了用于三维（3D）水凝胶培养系统的机械线索、形成机制、材料类型和组合水凝胶。本文还重点介绍了水凝胶培养系统在体内和体外的最新发展。除了材料的创新，培养阶段的培养方法和时空线索也是 3D 培养系统探索的另一个方向。水凝胶 3D 培养系统的最终目标是完美模拟天然微环境，以研究 MSC 的行为或基于 MSC 的治疗方法的应用。
