MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Feb 11;71(6):206-211. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7106a4.
Genomic surveillance is a critical tool for tracking emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), which can exhibit characteristics that potentially affect public health and clinical interventions, including increased transmissibility, illness severity, and capacity for immune escape. During June 2021-January 2022, CDC expanded genomic surveillance data sources to incorporate sequence data from public repositories to produce weighted estimates of variant proportions at the jurisdiction level and refined analytic methods to enhance the timeliness and accuracy of national and regional variant proportion estimates. These changes also allowed for more comprehensive variant proportion estimation at the jurisdictional level (i.e., U.S. state, district, territory, and freely associated state). The data in this report are a summary of findings of recent proportions of circulating variants that are updated weekly on CDC's COVID Data Tracker website to enable timely public health action. The SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2 and AY sublineages) variant rose from 1% to >50% of viral lineages circulating nationally during 8 weeks, from May 1-June 26, 2021. Delta-associated infections remained predominant until being rapidly overtaken by infections associated with the Omicron (B.1.1.529 and BA sublineages) variant in December 2021, when Omicron increased from 1% to >50% of circulating viral lineages during a 2-week period. As of the week ending January 22, 2022, Omicron was estimated to account for 99.2% (95% CI = 99.0%-99.5%) of SARS-CoV-2 infections nationwide, and Delta for 0.7% (95% CI = 0.5%-1.0%). The dynamic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 variants in 2021, including Delta- and Omicron-driven resurgences of SARS-CoV-2 transmission across the United States, underscores the importance of robust genomic surveillance efforts to inform public health planning and practice.
基因组监测是追踪 SARS-CoV-2（引起 COVID-19 的病毒）新兴变体的重要工具，这些变体可能具有影响公共卫生和临床干预的特征，包括传染性增加、疾病严重程度和免疫逃逸能力。2021 年 6 月至 2022 年 1 月，CDC 扩大了基因组监测数据源，纳入公共存储库中的序列数据，以在司法管辖区层面生成变体比例的加权估计，并改进分析方法，以提高国家和地区变体比例估计的及时性和准确性。这些变化还允许在司法管辖区层面进行更全面的变体比例估计（即美国州、区、领地和自由联合体州）。本报告中的数据是对近期循环变体比例的发现的总结，这些数据每周在 CDC 的 COVID Data Tracker 网站上更新，以支持及时的公共卫生行动。SARS-CoV-2 Delta（B.1.617.2 和 AY 亚系）变体的比例从 2021 年 5 月 1 日至 6 月 26 日的 8 周内从 1%上升到全国循环病毒谱系的>50%。Delta 相关感染仍然占主导地位，直到 2021 年 12 月被与 Omicron（B.1.1.529 和 BA 亚系）变体相关的感染迅速取代，当时 Omicron 在两周内从 1%上升到全国循环病毒谱系的>50%。截至 2022 年 1 月 22 日当周，估计 Omicron 占全国 SARS-CoV-2 感染的 99.2%（95%CI=99.0%-99.5%），Delta 占 0.7%（95%CI=0.5%-1.0%）。2021 年 SARS-CoV-2 变体的动态景观，包括 Delta 和 Omicron 驱动的美国 SARS-CoV-2 传播的反弹，突显了强有力的基因组监测工作对于为公共卫生规划和实践提供信息的重要性。
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