Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jun 1;823:153729. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153729. Epub 2022 Feb 7.
Magnetic biomonitoring methodologies were applied at Villa Farnesina, Rome, a masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance, with loggias frescoed by renowned artists such as Raffaello Sanzio. Plant leaves were sampled in September and December 2020 and lichen transplants were exposed from October 2020 to early January 2021 at increasing distances from the main trafficked road, Lungotevere Farnesina, introducing an outdoor vs. indoor mixed sampling design aimed at assessing the impact of vehicular particulate matter (PM) on the Villa Loggias. The magnetic properties of leaves and lichens - inferred from magnetic susceptibility values, hysteresis loops and first order reversal curves - showed that the bioaccumulation of magnetite-like particles, associated with trace metals such as Cu, Ba and Sb, decreased exponentially with the distance from the road, and was mainly linked to metallic emission from vehicle brake abrasion. For the frescoed Halls, ca. 30 m from the road, the exposure to traffic-related emissions was very limited or negligible. Tree and shrub leaves of the Lungotevere and of the Villa's Gardens intercepted much traffic-derived PM, thus being able to protect the indoor cultural heritage and providing an essential conservation service. It is concluded that the joint use of magnetic and chemical analyses can profitably be used for evaluating the impact of particulate pollution on cultural heritage within complex metropolitan contexts as a preventive conservation measure.
磁生物监测方法应用于罗马的法尔内西纳别墅（Villa Farnesina），这是意大利文艺复兴时期的杰作，有拉斐尔·圣齐奥（Raffaello Sanzio）等著名艺术家绘制的阳台壁画。2020 年 9 月和 12 月采集了植物叶片样本，2020 年 10 月至 2021 年 1 月初，在远离主要交通干道 Lungotevere Farnesina 的地方暴露了地衣移植体，引入了户外与室内混合采样设计，旨在评估车辆颗粒物 (PM) 对别墅阳台的影响。叶片和地衣的磁性特性 - 从磁化率值、磁滞回线和一阶反转曲线推断得出 - 表明与铜、钡和锑等痕量金属相关的磁铁矿样颗粒的生物积累随距离道路的增加呈指数下降，主要与车辆制动磨损产生的金属排放有关。对于距离道路约 30 米的壁画大厅，暴露于与交通相关的排放物非常有限或可以忽略不计。Lungotevere 上的树木和灌木叶片以及别墅花园的叶片拦截了大量的交通衍生 PM，从而能够保护室内文化遗产，并提供重要的保护服务。研究得出结论，磁学和化学分析的联合使用可以作为一种预防性保护措施，用于评估复杂都市环境中颗粒物污染对文化遗产的影响。
