Hans Hoheisen Research Station, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; and, Department of Veterinary Tropical Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2022 Jan 10;89(1):e1-e7. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v89i1.1955.
Historically, the use of antibiotics was not well regulated in veterinary medicine. The emergence of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in pathogenic bacteria in human and veterinary medicine has driven the need for greater antibiotic stewardship. The preservation of certain antibiotic classes for use exclusively in humans, especially in cases of multidrug resistance, has highlighted the need for veterinarians to reduce its use and redefine dosage regimens of antibiotics to ensure efficacy and guard against the development of ABR pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the lowest concentration of an antibiotic drug that will prevent the growth of a bacterium, is recognised as a method to assist in antibiotic dosage determination. Minimum inhibitory concentrations sometimes fail to deal with first-step mutants in bacterial populations; therefore dosing regimens based solely on MIC can lead to the development of ABR. The mutant prevention concentration (MPC) is the minimum inhibitory antibiotic concentration of the most resistant first-step mutant. Mutant prevention concentration determination as a complementary and sometimes preferable alternative to MIC determination for veterinarians when managing bacterial pathogens. The results of this study focused on livestock pathogens and antibiotics used to treat them, which had a MIC value of 0.25 µg/mL for enrofloxacin against all 27 isolates of Salmonella typhimurium. The MPC values were 0.50 µg/mL, with the exception of five isolates that had MPC values of 4.00 µg/mL. The MPC test yielded 65.52% (18 isolates) Salmonella isolates with florfenicol MICs in the sensitive range, while 11 isolates were in the resistant range. Seventeen isolates (58.62%) of Pasteurella multocida had MIC values in the susceptible range and 41.38% (12 isolates) had an intermediate MIC value. Mutant prevention concentration determinations as done in this study is effective for the antibiotic treatment of bacterial infections and minimising the development of resistance. The MPC method can be used to better control to prevent the development of antibiotic drug resistance used in animals.
从历史上看，兽医领域对抗生素的使用并未得到很好的监管。人用和兽用医学中病原菌对抗生素耐药性（ABR）的出现，推动了对抗生素更严格管理的需求。为了在人类中专门保留某些抗生素类别，特别是在多药耐药的情况下，兽医需要减少抗生素的使用并重新定义抗生素剂量方案，以确保疗效并防止 ABR 病原体的出现。最低抑菌浓度（MIC）是指能够阻止细菌生长的最低抗生素药物浓度，被认为是一种辅助确定抗生素剂量的方法。最低抑菌浓度有时无法应对细菌群体中的第一步突变体；因此，仅基于 MIC 的剂量方案可能导致 ABR 的发展。突变预防浓度（MPC）是最耐药的第一步突变体的最低抑菌抗生素浓度。在管理细菌病原体时，突变预防浓度的测定是兽医替代 MIC 测定的一种补充方法，有时也是首选方法。本研究的结果集中在用于治疗牲畜病原体的抗生素上，恩诺沙星对所有 27 株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的 MIC 值为 0.25 µg/mL。除了五个 MPC 值为 4.00 µg/mL 的分离株外，MPC 值为 0.50 µg/mL。MPC 试验产生了 65.52%（18 株）具有氟苯尼考 MIC 值处于敏感范围的沙门氏菌分离株，而 11 株处于耐药范围。17 株（58.62%）多杀巴斯德氏菌分离株的 MIC 值处于敏感范围，41.38%（12 株）的 MIC 值处于中介范围。本研究中进行的突变预防浓度测定可有效用于治疗细菌感染和减少耐药性的发展。MPC 方法可用于更好地控制动物中抗生素的使用，以防止抗生素耐药性的发展。
