Biosciences & Food Technology Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Biosciences & Food Technology Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana.
J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2020 Mar;20:170-177. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.07.031. Epub 2019 Aug 8.
Antibiotics are frequently used in food animal production in developing countries to promote the well-being and growth of animals. This practice provides some economic benefits to producers and consumers at large. Nevertheless, this practice is also associated with a number of concerns. A major concern has been that repeatedly exposing these animals to small doses of antibiotics contributes significantly to antimicrobial resistance, since a good fraction of the antibiotics used are the same or surrogates of antibiotics used in human therapeutic practices. Studies over decades have shown an explicit relationship between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in veterinary science. Many antibiotics can be purchased over the counter in African countries, and antibiotic resistance is an important issue to address in this region. This review examines some of the risks and benefits associated with antibiotic use in food animals. We conclude that the use of antibiotics in food animal production constitutes a major contributing factor to the current antimicrobial resistance crisis and that antibiotics should only be used for the treatment of sick animals based on prior diagnosis of disease.
抗生素在发展中国家的食品动物生产中被广泛应用，以促进动物的健康和生长。这种做法为生产者和广大消费者带来了一些经济效益。然而，这种做法也存在一些问题。一个主要的问题是，反复给这些动物小剂量使用抗生素会导致抗药性显著增加，因为所用的抗生素中有很大一部分与人类治疗实践中使用的抗生素相同或相似。几十年来的研究表明，兽医科学中抗生素的使用与抗药性之间存在明显的关系。在非洲国家，许多抗生素可以在柜台购买，抗生素耐药性是该地区需要解决的一个重要问题。本文综述了与食品动物中抗生素使用相关的一些风险和益处。我们的结论是，在食品动物生产中使用抗生素是导致当前抗微生物药物耐药性危机的一个主要因素，抗生素只能在根据疾病事先诊断后，用于治疗患病动物。
