Rodrigues Soraia, Figueiredo Ceu
Department of Pathology, Pathology and Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto.
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saude, Universidade do Porto (i3S).
Porto Biomed J. 2022 Feb 8;7(1):e162. doi: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000162. eCollection 2022 Mar-Apr.
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most incident and the fourth deadliest cancer worldwide. GC is a heterogeneous disease from the histological and molecular standpoints. This malignancy is mostly diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease, where the available therapeutic interventions are not effective. The emergence of immunotherapy has transformed the landscape of cancer treatment, including GC, and currently immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of patients with recurrent/metastatic GC. This review summarizes the main clinical trials evaluating the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in GC. It also highlights the potential of biomarkers for patient selection for GC immune checkpoint inhibition therapy, including programmed cell death ligand 1 expression and tumor mutational burden, and characteristics of the GC molecular classification, such as microsatellite instability status and Epstein-Barr virus infection, as predictors of response to blockade of the programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 axis.
胃癌（GC）是全球发病率第五、致死率第四的癌症。从组织学和分子学角度来看，GC是一种异质性疾病。这种恶性肿瘤大多在疾病晚期被诊断出来，而此时现有的治疗干预措施并不有效。免疫疗法的出现改变了癌症治疗的格局，包括GC的治疗，目前免疫检查点抑制剂已被批准用于治疗复发/转移性GC患者。本综述总结了评估免疫检查点抑制剂在GC中应用的主要临床试验。它还强调了生物标志物在GC免疫检查点抑制治疗患者选择中的潜力，包括程序性细胞死亡配体1表达和肿瘤突变负荷，以及GC分子分类的特征，如微卫星不稳定性状态和爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒感染，作为程序性细胞死亡1/程序性细胞死亡配体1轴阻断反应的预测指标。
