Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University/CAPHRI, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
J Cancer Educ. 2023 Apr;38(2):505-512. doi: 10.1007/s13187-022-02146-y. Epub 2022 Feb 11.
Oral cancer forms a major public health issue. In Saudi Arabia, Jazan region has the highest rate of oral cancer; > 35% of total cases. Furthermore, dentists' engagement in oral cancer screening and patient education in Jazan region is limited. This paper aimed to describe the process used to develop a comprehensive oral cancer (OC) practice intervention to be implemented in dental clinics. The intervention was informed by the six steps of intervention mapping (IM). Steps 1-3 included mixed methods approach of reviewing relevant existing literature, focus group discussions, observations, one-on-one interviews, and questionnaires utilizing the community participatory approach. Step 4 used information form steps 1-3 to develop the intervention components and its associated tools to facilitate its delivery. Steps 5 and 6 specified the prospective plans for implementation and evaluation. ISAC is the developed intervention that comprises the following: Informing dental patients about performing routine OC screenings, Screenings for OC, Advising patients, and Connecting patients to the required services. ISAC practical applications were clustered into two components: (a) didactical session covering aspects related to OC practices and introducing ISAC and (b) practical session that included a step-by-step modeling of the intervention. Using IM facilitated the systematic planning of the ISAC intervention that covers the main issues revealed by the need's assessments. Working towards developing the ISAC required extensive work in assessing dental public health issues in a specific context with limited data - and this constituted a great challenge. The development of the ISAC was a lesson that casts light on the advantages of engaging multidisciplinary expertise to tackle serious public health issue like OC.
口腔癌是一个主要的公共卫生问题。在沙特阿拉伯，吉赞地区的口腔癌发病率最高，占总病例数的>35%。此外，吉赞地区的牙医参与口腔癌筛查和患者教育的程度有限。本文旨在描述用于开发综合口腔癌（OC）实践干预措施的过程，该干预措施将在牙科诊所实施。该干预措施以干预映射（IM）的六个步骤为依据。步骤 1-3 包括采用混合方法，审查相关现有文献、焦点小组讨论、观察、一对一访谈和问卷调查，利用社区参与方法。步骤 4 使用步骤 1-3 的信息制定干预措施的组成部分及其相关工具，以促进其实施。步骤 5 和 6 规定了实施和评估的预期计划。ISAC 是开发的干预措施，包括以下内容：告知牙科患者进行常规 OC 筛查、OC 筛查、向患者提供建议以及将患者与所需服务联系起来。ISAC 的实际应用分为两个部分：（a）涵盖与 OC 实践相关的方面并介绍 ISAC 的教学课程，以及（b）包括逐步模拟干预措施的实践课程。使用 IM 有助于系统地规划 ISAC 干预措施，该措施涵盖了需求评估中揭示的主要问题。努力开发 ISAC 需要在特定背景下评估牙科公共卫生问题，并在数据有限的情况下进行广泛的工作——这构成了一个巨大的挑战。ISAC 的开发为解决 OC 等严重公共卫生问题提供了一个教训，即需要多学科专业知识的参与。
